中国15城市儿童血铅水平及影响因素现况调查

目的调查中国城市0～6岁儿童血铅水平，为制定防止环境铅污染，保护儿童健康政策提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法在全国15个中心城市中采集0～6岁儿童末梢血17141份，采用原子吸收光谱法测定血铅水平，同时进行问卷调查。采用多元回归分析方法进行结果分析。结果中国城市儿童血铅总体均值为59．52μg/L，血铅水平≥100μg／L占10．45％，血铅水平≥200μg／L仅有0．62％。血铅水平有随着年龄增大而升高的趋势，男童的血铅水平均值（59．50μg／L）高于女童血铅水平均值（54．95μg／L）。多元回归分析表明：①儿童生活居住环境会影响儿童的血铅水平。②父母的文化程度和职业以及儿童生活或卫生习惯对儿童血铅有影响。③饮食以及营养状况也与儿童血铅水平有关。结论中国儿童血铅水平已有所下降，但仍高于发达国家儿童血铅水平，需要引起政府和全社会的重视。

Study on blood lead level and related risk factors among children aged 0-6 years in 15 cities in China

OBJECTIVE: To observe blood lead level and related risk factors among children aged 0-6 years old living in cities in China and to provide data for policy development to the prevention on environmental lead pollution. METHODS: A stratified-clustered-random sampling method was used. 17 141 peripheral blood samples of 0-6 years old children from 15 cities in China were tested. Tungsten atomizer absorption spectrophotometer was employed to determined the blood lead level. Related factors were also studied using a standardized questionnaire. Data were analyzed on related risk factors that affecting blood lead levels through multiple regression method. RESULTS: The mean blood lead level of 0-6 years old children from 15 cities in China was 59.52 microg/L including 10.45% of those > or =100 microg/L, and 0.62% > or = 200 microg/L. However, the blood lead levels seemed to have had a trend of increase parallel to age among 0-6 years-old children and were higher for boys (59.50 microg/L) than girls (54.95 microg/L). The risk factors which influenceing children's blood lead levels would include the type of housing, parent's education levels, social status and hobby, children's behavior habit, dieting habit and nutritional condition. CONCLUSION: The blood lead levels of children in China were lower than data gathered from former national studies but higher than those from developed countries, suggesting that the. Government and the whole society should be aware of the problem on lead poisoning among children during their childhood.