山西省传染性非典型肺炎流行病学特征分析

目的：描述山西省传染性非典型肺炎严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)]的流行特征，分析形成这些特征的因素。方法：收集2003年3月初至5月20日山西省SARS疫情报告系统报至山西省疾病预防控制中心全部SARS临床诊断病例及部分流行病学个案调查报告，描述SARS在山西省的时间、地区、人群分布特征，采用EPIinfo6．0软件进行统计学分析。结果：山西省自2003年3月7日诊断首例输入性SARS病例后，至5月20日累计临床诊断SARS病例445例，罹患率1．34／10万，死亡20例，病死率4．49％。发病人数从3月28日起增高形成第一个高峰，至4月18日继续升高，形成第二个高峰，以后逐渐下降，至5月19日首次出现临床诊断病例零报告。目前疫情呈低水平流行势态。SARS病例主要集中在人口密集的城市市区，占83．82％，农村地区呈散发状态。职业构成以学生、医务人员居多。年龄分布以20—59岁为高发人群，病死率随年龄的增高而上升，男女发病之比为1：0．87。结论：山西省SARS流行呈输入、上升、高峰并逐步下降的趋势，早期发现和有效控制传染源是控制疫情蔓延的关键。

Study on the epidemiological characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Shanxi province

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological characteristics and related factors of SARS in Shanxi in order to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). METHODS: Data on clinically-diagnosed SARS cases reported to Shanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention through SARS reporting system of Shanxi province and epidemiological reports were collected from early March to 20 May, 2003. The characteristics of SARS distribution in time, place and population in Shanxi were described. The epidemiological characteristics and related influential factors were analyzed with EPI info 6.0 software. RESULTS: Since the first imported SARS case was diagnosed clinically on 7 March and till 20 May in Shanxi province, the number of cumulative clinically-diagnosed SARS cases were 445 with an attack rate of 1.34/10,000. 20 deaths occurred in that period with the mortality rate 4.49%. The number of cases increased from 28 March and formed the first peak. However, the number continued to increase until 18 April to have formed the second peak. Since then, the number of cases has gradually decreased gradually. Since 19 May, there has been no clinically-diagnosed cases being reported. SARS cases were mostly seen in urban areas of the city (83.82% of the total SARS cases) with sporadic cases found in rural areas. Students and medical staff and people from 20 - 59 years of age occupied the large part of the cases. Age specific mortality rate increased with age and the male/female ratio was 1:0.87. CONCLUSION: In Shanxi province, the SARS epidemic seemed to have had the following stages: importation of the first case, gradual increase of the number of cases to reach the peak and decreasing. Case identification at early stage as well as taking measures to decrease the chance of transmission were strategically crucial for controlling the spread of SARS virus in the community.