社区高血压患者自我管理的效果评估

目的　评价在社区实施高血压自我管理的可接受性及其近期效果。方法　将自愿参加该项目的 2 2 8例高血压患者按年龄、性别、受教育程度和患慢性病的数目匹配后随机分为干预组和对照组 ,用协方差和 χ2 检验比较项目开展前和实施 4个月后 2次的数据。结果　项目实施 4个月后 ,与对照组比较干预组参加者对于高血压诊断标准、危险因素和相关疾病的知晓率分别提高了 5 6 .4 %、5 0 .4 %和 37.6 % ;高盐饮食习惯和体重指数下降了 2 7.1%和 0 .8kg/m2 ;症状认知性管理实践和与医生交流分别增加了 3.9分和 1.1分 ;健康状况 (精力、疲劳、气短、疼痛 )均得到改善 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;就诊次数减少了 2 .7次 ;坚持服药率上升了 2 0 .0 % ,与自身比较血压控制差者坚持服药率提高了 2 1.5 %。结论　社区高血压自我管理项目增加了参加者的自我管理知识 ,改善了高血压患者情绪、自我管理的健康行为、身体功能、高血压相关症状 ,减少了就诊次数 ;提示慢性病自我管理方法可能是一条管理社区高血压患者的有效方式。

Evaluation on the effectiveness for self-management of hypertensive patients in a community

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the acceptability of self-management project for patients with hypertension and the short term result, and provide the evidence of preventing and controlling hypertension using chronic disease self-management. METHODS: Voluntary patients with hypertension were grouped into the control and experimental groups after matching age, sex, education levels and the number of chronic diseases between the two groups. Data collected through questionnaire after intervention were compared with the baseline data through analysis of covariance and chi(2) test. RESULTS: Rate of awareness for the diagnostic criteria of hypertension, risk factors and associated diseases increased by 56.4%, 50.4% and 37.6% respectively, and the rate of high salt diet intake, body mass index and the times of visiting doctors decreased by 27.1%, 0.8 kg/m(2) and 2.7 times on average in experimental group, as compared with control group. The health status (energy, fatigue, shortness of breathe, pain) improved (P < 0.05). In the similar comparison, the rate in which the hypertensive patients took antihypertensive medicine increased by 20%, and the scores of cognitive symptoms management and of patient communication with physician increased by 3.9 and 1.1 points respectively. The rate of compliance to medication increased by 21.5% compared with themselves. CONCLUSION: The awareness rate of hypertensive patients on knowledge and on unhealthy life style improved after implementing the self-management program. Their emotion, healthy behavior, health status and symptoms related to hypertension improved. Data showed that it was effective for hypertensive patients to use chronic diseases self-management.