急性脑卒中住院患者深静脉血栓形成危险因素分析

目的前瞻性病例对照研究分析急性脑卒中住院患者深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的危险因素.方法连续调查了2001年12月至2002年12月收住北京朝阳医院神经内科及神经外科的脑卒中患者,经CT或MRI检查证实符合脑卒中诊断,共计488例;调查步骤(1)在入院次日清晨空腹抽每位入选患者血,进行D-二聚体(D-dimer)、血栓调节蛋白(TM)和抗凝血酶-Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)检测;(2)于发病7～10天行双下肢血管超声检查,在超声检查当日或次日复查D-dimer和AT-Ⅲ;(3)高度可疑DVT的患者一周后重复超声检查;(4)研究结束前记录脑卒中的治疗情况.通过比较脑卒中并发DVT与脑卒中无DVT的患者,筛选脑卒中发生DVT的危险因素.结果脑卒中患者DVT的发生率为21.7%;多因素logistic分析显示,年龄(≥65岁)(OR=1.655,95% CI1.005～2.725)、女性(OR=1.993,95%CI1.221～3.253)、卧床(OR=3.275,95%CI1.653～6.486)和DVT危险性评分≥2(OR=5.019,95%CI2.685～9.381)是总体脑卒中患者DVT的独立危险因素;女性(OR=2.828,95%CI1.242～6.438)、白细胞计数＞10.0×109/L(OR=2.032,95%CI0.897～4.602)和DVT危险性评分≥2(OR=8.809,95%CI3.081～25.188)是出血性脑卒中患者DVT的独立危险因素;年龄(≥65岁)(OR=2.167,95%CI1.072～4.381)、卧床(OR=3.008,95%CI1.435～6.307)和DVT危险性评分≥2(OR=2.600,95%CI1.077～6.278)是缺血性脑卒中患者DVT的独立危险因素.结论急性脑卒中住院患者是DVT的高危人群,DVT的独立危险因素是,年龄(≥65岁)、卧床、女性和DVT危险性评分≥2,对该类人群进行DVT监测和预防干预是十分必要的.

Study on the risk factors of deep venous thrombosis in acute hospitalized stroke patients

OBJECTIVE: To identify the risk factors of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in hospitalized patients with acute stroke, under a perspective case-control study. METHODS: 488 cases with stroke, identified by CT or MRI and admitted to the department of neurology and neurosurgery in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital between December 2001 and December 2002 were consecutively studied. There were 328 male and 160 female patients (95.5% Hans) with a mean age of 65 +/- 11 years, ranging 22 - 93 years. The procedure of study would include: (1) General condition, possible risk factors, symptoms of DVT physical check-up to every eligible patient on first day of admission but the plasma concentrations of D-dimer (ELISA), thrombomodulin, antithrombin-III and blood routine examination were measured on the next morning. (2) The ultrasonography (US) was used for detecting both lower extremities at 7 - 10 days after the onset of stroke, and D-dimer and AT-III tests were repeated on the same or next day that the US was taken. (3) The ultrasound examination was repeated after a week in patients with high suspicion of DVT. (4) The therapy of stroke was recorded before the end of the study. Data of stoke patients with DVT was compared with those without DVT to identify the DVT risk factors. The effect of each variable on DVT was assessed by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of DVT was 21.7% among the patients. In multivariate analysis, age >/= 65 years old (OR = 1.655, 95% CI: 1.005 - 2.725), being male (OR = 1.993, 95% CI: 1.221 - 3.253), bedridden (OR = 3.275, 95% CI: 1.653 - 6.486) and DVT assessment scores >/= 2 (OR = 5.019, 95% CI: 2.685 - 9.381) were independently associated with DVT in all the stroke patients. Being male (OR = 2.828, 95% CI: 1.242 - 6.438), white blood cell count > 10.0 x 10(9)/L (OR = 2.032, 95% CI: 0.897 - 4.602) and DVT assessment scores >/= 2 (OR = 8.809, 95% CI: 3.081 - 25.188) were the independent risk factors of DVT in hemorrhagic stroke group. Age >/= 65 years old (OR = 2.167, 95% CI: 1.072 - 4.381), bedridden (OR = 3.008, 95% CI: 1.435 - 6.307) and DVT assessment scores >/= 2 (OR = 2.600, 95% CI: 1.077 - 6.278) were the independent risk factors of DVT in ischemic stroke group. CONCLUSION: Patients hospitalized with acute stroke were under high risk of DVT. Data suggested that old age, female, bedridden and high DVT assessment scores >/= 2 were independent risk factors for DVT in acute stroke patients that called for supervision and prophylaxis on DVT.