中国成年人文化程度与体格指标的长期变化关系

目的 分析中国慢性病前瞻性研究（CKB）人群文化程度与成年人不同阶段体格测量指标及其长期变化之间的关系。方法 本研究在参加第2次重复调查的研究对象中，剔除调查时年龄>65岁者、体格测量指标缺失或极端值者、基线或重复调查时自报患有重大慢性病者。分析研究对象的文化程度与25岁、基线调查时（2004-2008年）和重复调查时（2013-2014年）BMI和腰围、及每5年体重与腰围的变化值的关系。结果 纳入分析3 427名男性和6 320名女性。研究对象的体重和腰围都随年龄增长逐渐增加。从25岁到基线调查年龄（45.2±6.5）岁]，男性和女性每5年体重变化值分别为（1.70±2.63）和（1.27±2.10）kg。从基线到重复调查年龄（53.2±6.5）岁]，男性和女性每5年体重变化值分别为（1.12±2.61）和（0.90±2.54）kg，每5年腰围变化值分别为（3.20±3.79）和（3.83±3.85）cm。无论是25岁、基线还是重复调查时，文化程度低的女性BMI和腰围都更大。而在男性中，25岁时文化程度越低的男性BMI略大；到了基线和重复调查时，不同文化程度者间的BMI差异消失，但初、高中文化程度者的腰围及其增幅略高于其他文化程度者。结论 无论男性或女性，随年龄增长，体重和腰围都在不断增加。文化程度与BMI和腰围的关系存在性别差异。

Relationship between educational level and long-term changes of body weight and waist circumference in adults in China

Objective To evaluate the association of educational level with anthropometric measurements at different adult stages and their long-term changes in adults who participated in the second re-survey of China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB). Methods The present study excluded participants who were aged >65 years, with incomplete or extreme measurement values, or with major chronic diseases at baseline survey or re-survey. The weight at age 25 years was self-reported. Body height, body weight and waist circumference at baseline survey (2004-2008) and re-survey (2013-2014) were analyzed. Results The present study included 3 427 men and 6 320 women. Both body weight and waist circumference (WC) increased with age. From age 25 years to baseline survey (mean age 45.2±6.5), the mean weight change per 5-year was (1.70±2.63) kg for men and (1.27±2.10) kg for women. From baseline survey to re-survey (53.2±6.5), the mean changes per 5-year for body weight were (1.12±2.61) kg for men and (0.90±2.54) kg for women; and that for WC was (3.20±3.79) cm for men and (3.83±3.85) cm for women. Among women, low educational level was consistently associated with higher body mass index (BMI) and WC at age 25 years, baseline survey and re-survey. Among men, low educational level was associated with higher BMI at age 25 years. At baseline survey and re-survey, the educational level in men was not statistically associated with BMI; but men who completed junior or senior high school showed slight higher WC and increase of WC from baseline survey to re-survey than other male participants. Conclusions Body weight and WC increased with age for both men and women. The associations of educational level with BMI and WC were different between men and women.