广州市护士注射锐器伤相关危险因素的流行病学研究

目的：了解注射相关锐器伤的危险因素，提供安全注射指导。方法：采用现况调查和1：1配比研究，对广州市13所医院3010名护士锐器伤的流行特征及危险因素进行分析。结果：87．5％的护士有过锐器伤的经历，锐器伤的月发生率为37．6％，发生密度为每人每月0．84次。锐器伤的月发生率与职称相关，锐器伤的经历与护龄、婚姻状况、雇用形式、职称有关。66％的锐器伤集中发生在白天，51％的锐器伤发生在治疗室。logistic多元回归分析显示，锐器伤发生的危险因素除与接触针头的频率、操作者的知识、认知、个性等有关外，还与注射前掰安瓿不使用纱布、注射中工作空间拥挤噪杂、护理对象有较多不合作病人、注射后有回套针帽的习惯等因素有关。结论：调查人群中锐器伤的发生非常普遍，其流行特征与危险因素的分布不同于国外研究结论。研究结果可为国内医院感染控制部门及卫生行政部门制订安全注射的政策提供参考依据。

An epidemiological investigation on injection related risk factors

OBJECTIVE: To explore risk factors of injection-related sharp injury and to provide safety injection guidance to healthcare takers. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey and 1:1 case-control study was used to study the epidemiological features and risk factors of sharp injuries among 3010 clinical nurses and nurse students from 13 hospitals in Guangzhou. Logistic multiple factor analysis was used. RESULTS: Eighty-seven point five percent of nurses have suffered injuries at last once time. During the past month, 37.6% of the nurses have suffered injuries at least once time. The frequency of the injuries was 0.84 per person month. Through multiple logistic regression analysis, data showed that the risk factors leading to the sharp injuries in orders were: contacting the needle more frequently, subjectively thinking that the sharp injuries as unavoidable, the atmosphere in the nursing unit was not harmonious enough, recapping habit, carelessness at work, too many patients that not cooperating, breaking the ampule off without using carbasus, crowded and noisy working place, lack of acknowledge on prevention, lack of the awareness on how to avoiding the accident, having an initiative and creative personality etc. CONCLUSION: The results provided a foundation for the department of infection control in the hospital and sanitary administration department to constitute safety injection policies.