中国肾综合征出血热流行趋势及其防制对策

目的 总结和分析近30年中国肾综合征出血热(HFRS)的流行情况、疫区分布、类型及其流行特点。方法 收集30年来中国HFRS的发病死亡情况、疫区分布、类型及其流行强度进行总结和分析。结果 30年间HFRS的流行出现两个快速上升期(1970～1975年、1979～1986年),使HFRS的发病数由1970年的3295例增加到1986年115 804例。20世纪90年代中国HFRS的年发病数稳定在4万～6万例。血清学方法检测证实全国各省(市)自治区均存在有汉坦病毒的疫源地,除青海与新疆两省区外,其他省(市)区均有发病。近年来,不但大中城市HFRS流行强度上升明显,而且疫情的季节分布发生变化。结论 中国HFRS的流行已出现新的流行特征。因此,应加强监测,采取综合防制措施预防控制汉坦病毒的传播。

The epidemic characteristics and preventive measures of hemorrhagic fever with syndromes in China

Objective To Summarize and analyze the epidemic situation of hantaviruses including geographic distribution, types and prevalent intensity of epidemic areas of hantavirus for the lasl 30 years in China, and to discuss relative preventive measures. Methods Collecting and analyzing the data of hantaviruses epidemics in China. Results The annual number of ceses of hantavirus disease rapidly increared from 3295 in 1970 to 115 804 in 1986 then sustained betwee 40 000 and 60 000 cases annually in the 1990' s, and then decreased thereafter. The epidemic areas existed in all provinces except Qinhai and Xinjiang and there were the hospitalized cases of hantavirus disease reported in other provinces. In recent years, the prevalence of hantavirus infection had increared in some cities, and the seasonal distribution of the cases changed as well. Conclusion Deta suggested that the new epidemic characteristics of hantaviruses had emerged in China suggesing that it was necessary to strengthen survillance programs and to take comprehensive preventive measures for the control and prevention of hantaviruses in China.