中国城乡居民食物消费现状及变化趋势

目的 描述中国城乡居民食物消费现状及变化趋势。方法 在全国31个省、直辖市、自治区的132个调查点中选取23470户进行膳食调查，共调查68962人。膳食调查采用连续3天24小时回顾询问法调查居民所有摄入食物，及用“称重法”调查家庭调味品消费量。结果 居民平均每标准人日粮谷类食物摄入量为402g(城市居民366g、农村居民416g)，蔬菜为276g(城市居民252g、农村居民286g)，水果为45g(城市居民69g、农村居民36g)，畜禽肉类为79g(城市居民105g、农村居民69g)，水产品类为30g(城市居民45g、农村居民24g)，蛋类24g(城市居民33g、农村居民20g)，奶类及其制品为27g(城市居民66g、农村居民11g)，豆类及其制品为16g，食用油摄入量为42g(城市居民44g、农村居民41g)，食盐为12g(城市居民11g、农村居民12g)，酱油为9g(城市居民11g、农村居民8g)。结论 中国城乡居民膳食质量有所提高，其中动物性、奶类食物及油脂类的摄入量均有所增加。但膳食中奶类、豆类摄入量仍然很低。城市居民膳食中谷类食物、蔬菜、水果的消费量出现了下降趋势，但动物性食物和油脂摄入量明显上升，出现了失衡的现象。膳食结构趋向“高能量密度”，部分人群的膳食已经偏离了平衡膳食的要求。当前中国的营养改善工作应从营养状况的双重负担的特点出发，同时解决营养不良和营养失衡的问题。

Study on the current status and trend of food consumption among Chinese population

OBJECTIVE: To describe the current status and trend of food consumption among Chinese residents. METHODS: 23,470 households including 68,962 subjects were randomly sampled from 132 counties in 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. A 24-hour dietary recall method for 3 consecutive days was used to collect information on food intake, but the condiment intake was collected by weighting method. RESULTS: The average food consumption per reference man per day of Chinese people included 402 g (urban/rural: 366 g/ 416 g) cereals; 276 g (urban/rural: 252 g/ 286 g) vegetables; 45 g (urban/rural:69 g/36 g) fruits; 79 g (urban/rural: 105 g/69 g) meats; 30 g (urban/rural:45 g/24 g) fishery products; 24 g (urban/rural: 33 g/20 g) eggs; 27 g(urban/rural: 66 g/ 11 g) dairy; 16 g legume; 42 g (urban/rural:44 g/41 g) edible oil; 12 g (urban/rural: 11 g/12 g) salt; 9 g (urban/rural: 11 g/8 g) soy sauce. CONCLUSIONS: For Chinese residents, the quality of diet had been improved and consumptions of animal products, milk, and edible oil had been increased, but the consumptions of dairy and legume products intake was still low which called for improvement. The unbalance was characterized as the downward trend in cereal, vegetable and fruit consumption but significant increased in animal products and oil intake among urban people. Dietary pattern of some subjects adopted a "high energy density" diet. Double burdens from under-nutrition and over-nutrition should both be considered as problems which asked for attention by the government and researchers.