中国汉族7?18岁青少年身高水平的地域差异及区域划分

目的 分析中国汉族7～18岁青少年身高水平的地域差异,评价不同区域身高发育水平.方法 使用2005年“全国学生体质健康调研”中汉族学生身高数据,采用标准离差法进行身高相对水平的比较和区域划分,并用地理信息系统将结果以地图形式展示.结果 将30个省市划分为高身材、中等身材及矮身材3个区域,其中高身材区主要分布在华北地区,中等身材区i主要分布在华中和西北地区,矮身材区主要分布在西南地区.不同区域各年龄组的身高差值较大,相邻组差值约1～3cm,而高身材区域与矮身材区域的差值则约4～5 cm.结论 中国汉族7～18岁青少年身高整体呈现北方地区高大、南方地区矮小的特点,同时局部地区也表现出沿海地区高于内陆地区的特点.各地区身高水平呈逐渐过渡,不同区域间无明显的绝对分界线.

District differences and regional division of heights among Chinese Han children and adolescents

Objective To analyze the district differences of height among Chinese Han population aged 7 to 18 years, and to divide the levels of heights into several regions accordingly, to provide basis for evaluation the development of height in the above said population. Methods Standard Deviation was used to compare the relative lavels of height in different provinces and to divide them into several regions. The results were then showed in map through the Geographic Information System(GIS). Results All the 30 provinces in China were divided into three regions:high, medium and short regions according to the stature. Region with high stature was mainly located in northern, while medium stature was in central and northwest parts and short stature was in southwest parts of China. The differences of height appeared to be significant among regions in every age group. The differences of height were 1-3 cm between adjacent regions, and were even lager between the regions with high or short stature which appeared to be 4-5 cm. Conclusion Overall, heights among the Chinese Han children and adolescents were taller in the northern and shorter in the southern areas. The highest and lowest levels of heights were in the Northern and the Southwest areas respectively. It was observed that the levels of height in the coastal areas were higher than that of the inland. There were no absolute boundaries between different regions because of the gradual transition in the levels of heights in various districts.