中国人群自杀水平的变化趋势和地理分布特点

目的 深入和全面了解中国的自杀模式方法及其变化趋势。方法 使用全国疾病监测系统资料,回顾中国不同地区、不同性别、不同年龄人群的自杀水平和变化趋势,并对自杀死亡水平的地理分布进行验证。结果 1991～2000年中国人群自杀死亡处于稳定状态,没有明显下降,依然是中国人群,特别是农村人群的主要卫生问题。在农村所有地区,依然保持女性自杀死亡高于男性。在农村人群中,15～34岁有一自杀死亡高峰的独特模式,但该年龄组农村女性自杀死亡率开始呈下降趋势,对总自杀水平还没有形成显著影响。结论 目前在东中部农村地区,特别靠近几省交界地区,人群自杀死亡率普遍偏高,可能与传统文化、经济水平等因素有关,农药作为主要的自杀手段也是一个不可忽略的重要因素。未来的20年,随着社会的发展和变革,中国的独特自杀模式将会逐步发生改变。

The trend and geographic distribution of suicide in Chinese population

Objective To understand the specific patterns of suicide in Chinese population and its trend. Methods The mortality level and trend of suicide in Chinese population by sex, age and areas were reviewed and the geographic distribution of suicide mortality was described using National Disease Surveillance Data in 1991--2000. Results During 1991--2000, the mortality rate of suicide was stable. Suicide was still one of the main health problems in Chinese population, especially in rural areas. The pattern of suicide in rural areas remained the same as reported before. The death rate of suicide attempts in female was higher than in male. There was a peak of death rate among rural people aged 15--34. However the death rate among rural women aged 15--34 was falling, which did not significantly affect the current suicide pattern. Conclusions There was high death rate of suicide in eastern and central rural areas, especially in boundaries among provinces, which could have been related to traditional culture, economic situation etc. Using pesticide as a tool of suicide was also an important factor with high death rate of suicide. These findings suggested that the specific pattern would last for another 20 years along with the social development and reform.