广东突发化学事故危害评估与医学应急救援资源系统研制

目的在发生突发化学事故时,进行快速、准确、简便、实用的危害评估,并提供应急救援技术援助,指导相关部门进行化学救援工作。方法通过对广东省珠海市危险化学源资料收集与分析,确定毒物种类,选定不同毒物的数学扩散模型,建立一个开放的计算机评估平台。结果该系统结构包括事故设定、危害评估、救援方案、医学应急、档案管理等功能模块,并包括建立化学品毒性数据库,便于对化学事故危害评估并提供应急救援措施。结论该系统的研制具有较好的科学性、先进性和可行性,可以对广东发生的突发化学中毒事故进行定量危害评估,提出相应的医学应急救援预案、毒物应急救援方法措施,为政府部门对突发公共卫生事故现场应急救援的决策提供科学数据。

Development and application of Hazard Evaluation and Medical Rescue Resource System for sudden chemical poisoning accidents in Guangdong

Objective To make rapid, accurate, easy and practical hazard evaluation and to provide rescue assistance for sudden chemical poisoning accident, and to guide relative institutions to carry out chemical rescue measurements with scientific decision-making data. Methods By collecting and analyzing dangerous chemical materials in Zhuhai city,Guangdong province, the variety of toxicants were determined, mathematical diffusion modules for different toxicants were selected and an open computerized evaluating system was set up.Results The structure of the system was modularized to the functional parts,including accident enactment, hazard evaluation, rescue plan, medical emergency plan and file management to build a chemical toxicant database for making chemical accident hazard evaluation and offering emergency rescue measurements. Conclusion The development of the system has its scientific, advanced and feasible advantages. It can oot only conduct a stable quantitative hazard evaluation, but also provide medical and toxicant accident rescue measurements and precautions. Thus, relative government institutions can have scientific data to carry through scene rescue decisions for sudden public hygienic accidents.