出生缺陷的地学研究与进展

出生缺陷的风险因素包括遗传、环境及遗传环境交互作用3方面。除去单纯遗传因素外，环境因素等风险因子作用于人体而导致的出生缺陷一般具有地理空间特征。以分析空间定位信息的地理信息系统为背景的地理信息科学和空间统计分析等新的地学研究，从理论和技术方法方面提供基于地理位置的数据信息分析，可用于出生缺陷环境因素监测、识别和评估等方面。从地学研究角度对出生缺陷环境风险因素分析，详细阐述国际上出生缺陷的地学研究现状和进展及应用的理论体系，提出有关出生缺陷地学研究面临的若干问题和研究前景。

A Review on the Process of Geo-science Study on Birth Defects

The problem of birth defects has becoming one of the most important issues in public health research fields. Risk factors of birth defects include genetic, environmental and gene?－environment interactions. Except the independent genetic factors, which accounts a little part of the whole，all other most risk factors are preventable, commonly related with environment and have geo?－spatial characteristics. With the fast development of information technologies, theories and methods from geo?－science have been applied into many research disciplines with Geographical Information System（GIS） as the foundation. This paper has introduced the process of geo－science applications into the birth defects analysis, includes the survey, monitoring of birth defects cases， identification of the environmental risk factors and assessment of the intervention measures. The frame work of geo?－science analysis into birth defects study has been explained with international process on this issue, and the prospects and problems in the application have been discussed as well.