2012-2016年上海市某社区心脑血管病流行特征及其危险因素

目的 了解心脑血管病流行趋势及其危险因素分布特征,为制定心脑血管病防控策略提供科学依据.方法 收集上海市某社区2012年10月至2016年9月心脑血管病监测数据,对心脑血管发病和死亡病例采用上海市疾病预防控制中心统一制定的《上海市心脑血管病发病、死亡报告卡核实表》进行调查核实,采用粗发病与死亡率、标化发病率与死亡率指标,对心脑血管病流行特征进行分析,另对心脑血管病危险因素分布进行分析.结果 脑血管病年平均粗发病率为180.99/10万,标化发病率为90.18/10万;脑血管病年平均粗死亡率130.04/10万,标化死亡率为64.83/10万.急性心肌梗死年平均发病率为23.58/10万,标化发病率为11.17/10万;急性心肌梗死年平均粗死亡率为5.32/10万,标化死亡率为2.96/10万.心脑血管病发病率、死亡率均无性别差异,其发病率、死亡率从55岁后呈明显上升趋势.高血压、高脂血症、肥胖是心脑血管病的主要危险因素.结论 及早控制心脑血管病危险因素,避免诱发因素,可以降低心脑血管病的发病率及死亡率.

Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in a community of Shanghai (2012-2016)

Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics and risk factors of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and provide scientific strategies for the prevention and control of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.Methods Monitoring data of cardiocerebrovascular diseases from October 2012 to September 2016 were collected according to the unified ＜ Shanghai cerebro-cardiovascular diseases incidence and death report check list ＞.The epidemiological features of cardiovascular diseases were analyzed by the following indexes:incidence and mortality rate,standardized incidence and mortality rate.The risk factors of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases were also analyzed.Results The incidence and standardized incidence rate of cerebrovascular diseases were 180.99/106and 90.18/105,respectively,the mortality and standardized mortality rate of cerebrovascular disease were 130.04/105 and 64.83/105,respectively.The incidence and standardized incidence rate of acute myocardial infarction were 23.58/105 and 11.17/105,respectively,the mortality and standardized mortality rate of acute myocardial infarction were 5.32/105 and 2.96/105,respectively The incidence and mortality rate of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases had no difference between male and female.The incidence and mortality rate of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases increased significantly since the age of 55 years old.Hypertension,hyper-lipidemia and obesity were the main risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Conclusion Early control of cardio-cerebro-vascular diseases and avoiding predisposing factors might reduce the incidence and mortality rate of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.