安化县中学生心理健康问题及成因流行病学调查

目的了解中学生心理健康状况及产生心理问题的因素,促进社会关注中学生的心理健康。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法抽取安化县初、高中学生4 237名,用宗氏抑郁自评量表(SDS)、宗氏焦虑自评量表(SAS)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、12项一般健康问卷(GHQ-12)及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)进行评定。结果中学生抑郁症状检出率52.56%,焦虑心理检出率26.95%,有明显心理障碍或精神病性症状者8.95%。SCL-90单因子分析,强迫因子均值(2.23±0.60),人际关系(2.14±0.71),敌对(2.03±0.75),偏执(1.98±0.68)。影响中学生心理健康的常见社会心理因素有:父母关系差、学习压力、家庭经济贫困、留守儿童、独生子女、不适学习环境等。结论中学生心理健康状况不容乐观,心理问题较为常见。建议社会、家庭及政府教育部门应采取有效措施应对,促进中学生的身心健康。

Epidemiologicai survey of mental health problems and the contributing factors among middle school students in Anhua County

Objective To investigate the status of mental health and the causes of mental disorders among middle school stu- dents in Anhua County so as to promote public concern on middle school students＇ mental health. Methods Random cluster sampling was used to select 4,237 middle school students in Anhua County. Their mental health status was asses.sed by Zung Self - Rating Depression Scale （SDS）, Zung Self- Rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）, Symptom Checklist - 90 （SCL 90）, the Twelve -item General Health Questionnaire （GHQ- 12） and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI）. Results The middle school students＇ prevalence of depressive symptoms and anxiety was 52.56 % and 26.95 %, respectively. And 8.95 % of the students suffered from psychological disorders or psychotic symptoms. SCL - 90 single - factor analysis showed that the average scores of factors concerning compulsive- obsession, interpersonal relationship, hostile attitude and paranoid or intolerance were （2.23 ± 0.60）, （2.14 ± 0.71）, （2.03 ± 0.75 ） and （ 1.98 ± 0.68）, respectively. The common social - psychological factors affecting mental health of the students were as follows： disharmonious relationship between parents, study pressure, poverty, leftover chil- dren, only child and maladjustment to school environment, etc. Conclusions The mental health status of the students in An- hua County is not optimistic and the psychological problems are prevalent. It is suggested that society, families and government departments for education should take effective measures to improve both physical and mental heath of middle school students.