海口市学龄前儿童特应性皮炎流行病学调查

目的调查海口市学龄前儿童特应性皮炎(atopic dermatitis,AD)流行病学特征及患病危险因素。方法2020年10—11月采用问卷与体检相结合的方式调查海口市3~6岁学龄前儿童AD的流行病学特征,并采用logistic回归分析确定患病危险因素。结果海口市学龄前儿童AD总患病率为4.79%,其中男性为5.20%,女性为4.33%,3~4岁儿童为5.65%,5~6岁儿童为4.10%,男女及各年龄段患病率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。AD患儿病情以轻中度为主,64.95%的患儿在1岁内首次发病,45.36%的患儿合并其他过敏性疾病。经logistic回归分析显示父母过敏史、居住城市、儿童被动吸烟、居住环境潮湿、母亲孕期及儿童出生后居住新装修半年内房屋是学龄前儿童AD患病的独立危险因素。结论海口市3~6岁学龄前儿童AD患病率较高,父母过敏史、居住城市、儿童被动吸烟、居住环境潮湿、儿童出生后及母亲孕期居住新装修半年内房屋是学龄前儿童AD患病的独立危险因素。

Epidemiological survey of atopic dermatitis among preschool children in Haikou City

Objective To investigate the epidemiological features and risk factors of atopic dermatitis (AD) in preschoolers in Haikou City. Methods From October to November in 2020, a questionnaire survey and physical examination were conducted to investigate the epidemiological features of AD in preschool children aged 3-6 years in Haikou City, and logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors of AD. Results The total prevalence rate of AD in the preschool children in Haikou City was 4.79%, of which 5.20% of AD occurred in boys, 4.33% in girls, 5.65% in children aged 3-4 years and 4.10% in children aged 5-6 years. No statistically significant difference was found in the prevalence rate of AD between different genders and ages (both P>0.05). The disease severity in children with AD was mainly mildand moderate. 64.95% of the AD children had the first onset within 1 year of age, and 45.36% of the AD children accompanied with other anaphylactic diseases. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that parental history of allergic diseases, city residence, children with passive smoking, damp living environment, pregnant mothers and children lived in newly decorated homes were independent risk factors for AD in the preschoolers. Conclusion The prevalence rate of AD in the preschoolers aged 3-6 years in Haikou City was high, and theindependent risk factors for AD in the preschoolers were parental history of allergic diseases, city residence, children with passive smoking, damp living environment, children and pregnant mothers lived in newly decorated homes.