2010年与2015年江西省老年人群恶性肿瘤疾病负担研究

目的 分析2010年和2015年江西省老年人群恶性肿瘤的疾病负担及其变化趋势,为该省肿瘤防控策略的制定提供依据。 方法 从2015年中国分省份疾病负担研究中选取2010年和2015年江西省老年人群恶性肿瘤的发病数、死亡数、过早死亡损失寿命年(years of life lost, YLL)、伤残损失寿命年(years lived with disability, YLD)和伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life year, DALY)等数据,使用2010年全国人口普查数据作为标准人口,计算标化的发病率、死亡率和DALY率,以此评价江西省老年人群恶性肿瘤的发病、死亡和疾病负担的变化情况。 结果 江西省老年人群恶性肿瘤总体标化发病率、标化死亡率和标化DALY率均为男性>女性。 2015年相比2010年,恶性肿瘤总体标化发病率在50～<70岁组和70~岁组中分别上升1.66%和下降5.24%,标化发病率前五位为肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、乳腺癌和结肠癌;总体标化死亡率在两个年龄组分别下降4.18%和9.12%,而总体标化DALY率分别下降5.24%和11.63%,标化死亡率和DALY率前五位均为肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、结直肠癌和食管癌。此外,2010年和2015年,YLL/DALY达95%以上;前三位癌种肺癌、肝癌和胃癌的DALY占总体的60.56%和60.00%。 结论 2015年疾病负担相对2010年有所下降。江西省老年人群需要重点防治的恶性肿瘤是肺癌、肝癌和胃癌,男性是重点防控对象。

Disease burden of malignant tumors among senior citizens in Jiangxi Province in 2010 and 2015

Objective To study the disease burden of malignant tumors and its changing trends in the elderly in Jiangxi Province in 2010 and 2015, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies of malignant tumors in the province. Methods The data regarding the incidence and mortality of malignant tumors, years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD) and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) in the elderly in Jiangxi Province in 2010 and 2015 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 (GBD2015) in China. The standardized incidence rate, mortality rate and DALY rate were calculated based on the data from the national population census in 2010, and then the changes in the incidence, mortality and disease burden of malignant tumors among the elderly in Jiangxi Province were evaluated. Results The standardized incidence rate, mortality rate and DALY rate of malignant tumors among the elderly in Jiangxi Province were higher in males than in females. The standardized incidence rate of malignant tumors in 2015 increased by 1.66% in the age group of 50- <70 years and decreased by 5.24% in the age group of 70- years as compared with those in 2010. The top five standardized incidence rates were found in lung cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer and colon cancer. The total standardized mortality rates of malignant tumors in the above-mentioned age groups decreased by 4.18% and 9.12% respectively, while the total standardized DALY rates decreased by 5.24% and 11.63% respectively. The top five standardized mortality rates and DALY rates were both found in lung cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer and esophageal cancer. Moreover, the YLL/DALY was higher than 95% both in 2010 and 2015. The DALY of lung cancer, liver cancer and stomach cancer in 2010 and 2015 accounted for 60.56% and 60% of the total DALY respectively. Conclusions There was a certain reduction in the disease burden of malignant tumors in the elderly in Jiangxi Province in 2015 compared with that in 2010. Priority should be given to lung cancer, liver cancer, and stomach cancer in malignant tumor prevention and control among the elderly in Jiangxi Province; moreover, more attention should be paid to male senior citizens.