江苏省成年人血脂异常与膳食模式的相关性研究

目的 了解江苏省成年人血脂异常与膳食因素的关系。方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法,于2014年在江苏省12个监测点抽取9 180名18岁以上常住成年居民,采用问卷调查收集研究对象的一般情况和膳食情况,取空腹静脉血测定血脂。运用因子分析法建立膳食模式,使用多因素logistic回归分析膳食模式和血脂异常的关系。结果 江苏省城乡18岁及以上居民血脂异常总患病率为32.2%。从膳食模式的角度来看,本次研究表明江苏省居民膳食模式主要有四种类型,即动物模式、面食模式、咸菜蛋类模式、奶类模式。总胆固醇含量在面食模式中第四等分人群中最高;甘油三酯在动物模式第四等分、奶类模式第四等分最高,在奶类模式第一等分中最低;高密度脂蛋白在各模式以及各等分之间差异不显著。男性中,血脂异常率在面食模式和奶类模式四分位数之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),女性的四种膳食模式中血脂异常患病率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),在调整年龄、城乡、经济收入、教育程度、以及体质指数后,男性面食模式的Q2、Q3分位表现出增加血脂异常的风险(Q2:OR=1.645, 95%CI:1.172~2.308;Q3: OR=1.606, 95%CI:1.151~2.240);女性咸菜蛋类模式的Q2分位有可能降低血脂异常的风险(OR=0.728, 95%CI:0.543~0.977),但是其奶类模式的Q4则会增加血脂异常的风险(OR=1.514, 95%CI:1.081~2.121)。结论 江苏省成年人血脂异常水平较高,奶类模式与居民血脂异常呈正相关,面食模式与男性居民血脂异常呈现正相关,咸菜蛋类模式对女性居民血脂异常呈现负相关。

Correlation between dyslipidemia and dietary patterns in adults in Jiangsu province

Objective To understand the relationship between dyslipidemia and dietary factors in Jiangsu adults. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 9,180 permanent adult residents aged 18 years in 12 monitoring sites in Jiangsu province in 2014, and questionnaire surveys were conducted to collect the general information and dietary status of the research subjects. Fasting venous blood was taken to detect the level of blood lipids. Factor analysis was employed to establish dietary patterns, and then multivariate logistic regression was applied to analysis of the relationship between dietary patterns and dyslipidemia. Results The total prevalence rate of dyslipidemia in Jiangsu residents aged 18 years and above was 32.2%. As for dietary patterns, this study showed that there were four main types of dietary patterns among the residents in Jiangsu province, namely, animal pattern, pasta pattern, pickled vegetable and egg pattern and milk dairy pattern. The total cholesterol content was the highest in the fourth-class group of pasta pattern. Triglyceride was the highest in the fourth-class group of animal pattern as well as the fourth-class group of milk pattern, but the lowest in the first-class group of milk pattern. No statistically significant difference was observed in high-density lipoprotein among different patterns and equivalents. There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence rate of dyslipidemia among the quartiles of pasta and milk patterns in males (P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in the prevalence rate of dyslipidemia among the four dietary patterns of females (P>0.05). After adjusting age, urban and rural areas, economic income, educational background and body mass index, the quantiles Q2 and Q3 of pasta pattern in males showed an increased risk of dyslipidemia (Q2:OR=1.645, 95%CI: 1.172-2.308; Q3:OR=1.606, 95%CI: 1.151-2.240). The quantile Q2 of pickled vegetable and egg pattern in females might reduce the risk of dyslipidemia (OR=0.728, 95%CI: 0.543-0.977), but the quantile Q4 of milk pattern might increase the risk of dyslipidemia (OR=1.514, 95%CI: 1.081-2.121). Conclusions The prevalence rate of dyslipidemia was higher in adults in Jiangsu province. Milk pattern was positively correlated with abnormal blood lipid of the residents, pasta pattern was positively correlated with abnormal blood lipid of male residents, and pickled vegetable and egg pattern was negatively correlated with abnormal blood lipid of female residents.