2001-2009年衡阳市霍乱流行特征及监测结果报告

目的通过对衡阳市霍乱疫情及监测结果分析,了解衡阳市霍乱流行规律和霍乱弧菌在水体及食品的污染情况,为霍乱防控工作提供科学依据。方法对收集的疫情报告、现场调查、实验室检测和监测资料等进行统计分析。结果 2001-2005年衡阳市共发生28起霍乱疫情,发病82例,死亡2例,除2001年1起疫情为O1群外,其它均为O139群。1起疫情为水型暴发,其它暴发疫情的发生均与聚餐和人群生活习惯有关,均有食用甲鱼史。通过采取针对性措施,2006-2009年无病例发生。2005-2009年间每年均从市售涉水产品中检出霍乱弧菌,2006-2007年为O1群和O139群均有检出,2008-2009年以O1群为优势菌株;除2009年外,其它年份均有产毒株检出;霍乱弧菌对诺氟沙星、环丙沙星敏感率为100%。结论衡阳市涉水产品受到霍乱弧菌污染,且大多具有毒力基因,有引起霍乱暴发的危险。在霍乱防制工作中要重点加强对涉水产品的监测和农村集体聚餐的卫生指导管理。

Epidemiological Features and Monitoring Results of Cholera in Hengyang from 2001 to 2009

Objective To clarify the epidemic regularity and the influencing factors of cholera through analyzing the reports of infectious diseases and epidemic factors,and to provide the scientific evidence for setting up preventive measures.Methods Statistical analysis was performed for the data of epidemic situation reports,field surveys,laboratories and surveillance reports.Results There were 82 cholera patients in Hengyang from 2001 to 2005,and two died.The strain of one outbreak in 2001 was the O1 Vibrio cholerae,the others were the O139 Vibrio cholerae.Most of the outbreaks were related to dinner gathering and living habits,one of cholera outbreaks exploded for the water type,the patients in all outbreaks had consumed turtles.Through taking corresponding countermeasures,no case occurred from 2006 to 2009.During the period of 2005～2009,Vibrio cholerae had been checked out from the aquatic products in each year.During the period of 2006～2007,O1 and O139 Vibrio cholerae had been detected.O1 Vibrio cholerae was the superiority strain during the period of 2008 to 2009.Toxigenic strain of Vibrio cholerae had been picked out in each year except 2009.Drug sensitivity tests showed that the susceptibility rates of norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin were both 100%.Conclusions The aquatic products in Hengyang are contaminated by Vibrio cholerae,and most of Vibrio cholerae strains have the virulence gene which can cause cholera outbreak.Emphasis should be put on the surveillance of water-related products and the guidance on the management of dinner gathering in rural areas.