贵州7个民族群体6对遗传性状的基因频率研究

目的探讨贵州少数民族群体部分遗传性状基因频率分布特征。方法采取整群随机抽样方法对贵州2 537例(男1 372,女1 165)仡佬族、彝族、土家族、白族、回族、穿青待识别民族和汉族的发形、上眼睑皱褶、内眦褶、耳垂、鼻梁侧面观和鼻孔形状6个遗传性状进行调查,并根据Hardy-Weinberg定律计算各遗传性状的基因频率。结果贵州仡佬族、彝族、土家族、白族、回族、穿青待识别民族和汉族发形的显性基因频率分别为0.0264、0.0401、0.0640、0.0198、0.0115、0.0168和0.0317,上眼睑皱褶的显性基因频率分别为0.5286、0.4523、0.4911、0.4970、0.2318、0.5603和0.5062,内眦褶的显性基因频率分别为0.4503、0.2300、0.4470、0.0800、0.3471、0.6394和0.5080,耳垂的显性基因频率分别为0.6938、0.6349、0.3902、0.6278、0.6471、0.7418和0.5630,鼻梁侧面观的显性基因频率分别为0.1025、0.1437、0.2162、0.0321、0.1546、0.0871和0.1924,鼻孔形状的显性基因频率分别为0.4599、0.4415、0.4495、0.6278、0.7710、0.6258和0.6311。结论内眦褶性状的民族间差异较大,耳垂、鼻梁侧面观和鼻孔形状性状次之,发形和上眼睑皱褶性状较小。

Study on Gene Frequencies of 6 Genetic Characters in 7 Nationality Populations in Guizhou

Objective To explore the distribution of gene frequencies of genetic characters of the ethnic minorities in Guizhou Province. Methods A survey on somatoscopy of 2,537 adults of Gelao,Yi,Tujia,Bai,Hui,Chuanqing and Han ethnics age ranged between 18 to 55 years old(1,372 males and 1,165 females) living in Guizhou Province was carried out in August 2003,by using the cluster and random sampling method.Their parents,grandparents and maternal grandparents are of the same ethnics.The gene frequencies of these genetic characters were calculated according to the Hardy-Weinberg law. Results The frequencies of dominant genes of the hair forms in Gelao,Yi,Tujia,Bai,Hui,Chuanqing and Han nationalities were 0.0264,0.0401,0.0640,0.0198, 0.0115,0.0168 and 0.0317;those of eye folds of the upper eyelids were(0.5286),0.4523,0.4911,0.4970,0.2318,0.5603 and 0.5062;the mongoloid folds were 0.4503,0.2300,0.4470,(0.0800),0.3471,0.6394 and 0.5080;the ear lobes were 0.6938,0.6349,0.3902,0.6278,0.6471,0.7418 and 0.5630;the nasal profiles were 0.1025,0.1437,0.2162,0.0321,0.1546,0.0871 and 0.1924;and the nostril forms were 0.4599,(0.4415),0.4495,0.6278,0.7710,0.6258 and 0.6311 respectively. Conclusion The difference of mongoloid fold between ethnics is significant,followed by ear lobe,nasal profile,and nostril forms,while the differences of hair forms and eye fold of the upper eyelid are relatively insignificant.