武汉市地铁工作人员营养与饮食行为分析

目的 调查武汉市地铁工作人员营养与饮食行为状况，分析饮食行为影响因素。方法 采用分层随机抽样的方式对武汉市地铁集团402名员工进行问卷调查，收集基本信息、膳食摄入及日常饮食行为情况，运用秩和检验、χ2检验和多因素logistic回归分析对营养状况和饮食行为及其影响因素进行评价。结果 地铁工作人员日均蔬菜类、水果类、蛋类、奶及奶制品和水摄入量低于推荐量；畜禽肉类摄入量高于建议量；三班制和四班制员工的蔬菜摄入量低于不轮班和两班制员工（P＜0.05）。不经常吃早餐的比例，客运值班员和行车值班员高于行政管理人员（χ2 = 19.307，P＜0.05），三班制和四班制高于不轮班（χ2 = 20.513，P＜0.05）。点外卖的比例，女性高于男性（χ2 = 10.195，P＜0.05），客运值班员和行车值班员高于电动客车司机和行政管理人员（χ2 = 31.061，P＜0.05），三班制和四班制高于不轮班（χ2 = 19.735，P＜0.05）。51.3%的员工吃饭过快。多因素logistic分析显示，男性（OR = 0.595，95%CI:0.357～0.990）、非行政管理人员工种（客运值班员:OR = 0.169，95%CI:0.036～0.794; 行车值班员:OR = 0.095，95%CI:0.020～0.452; 电动客车司机:OR = 0.107，95%CI:0.022～0.527）与健康饮食行为呈负相关，年龄小（20～25岁:OR = 4.568，95%CI:1.784～11.694；＞25～30岁:OR = 3.553，95%CI:1.528～8.261）与健康饮食行为呈正相关。结论 武汉市地铁工作人员存在某些食物种类摄入不合理情况，性别、年龄和工种是健康饮食行为的影响因素。

Nutrition status and dietary behavior of subway workers in Wuhan

Objective To investigate the nutrition and dietary behavior of subway workers in Wuhan and analyze the influencing factors of eating behavior. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 402 staff members of Wuhan Metro Group by means of stratified random sampling. The basic information, dietary intake, and daily eating behaviors were collected and evaluated, and rank sum test, Chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate nutritional status and dietary behaviors and the influencing factors. Results The daily intakes of vegetables, fruits, eggs, milk, dairy products, and water of subway staff were lower than the recommended amounts. Intake of livestock and poultry meat was higher than recommended amount. The vegetable intakes of three-shift and four-shift workers were lower than those of no-shift and two-shift workers (P<0.05). The percentages of people who ate breakfast infrequently were higher for passenger duty officers and driving duty officers than for administrative staffs (χ2=19.307, P<0.05), and higher for three and four shifts than for no shift (χ2=20.513, P<0.05). The percentage of women ordering takeout was higher than that of men (χ2=10.195, P<0.05), the percentage of passenger duty officers and driving duty officers were higher than those of electric bus drivers and administrative staffs (χ2=31.061, P<0.05), and that of three and four shifts were higher than that of no shift (χ2=19.735, P<0.05). In total 51.3% of the subway workers ate too fast. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that male workers (OR=0.595, 95%CI: 0.357-0.990) and non-administrative types of position (passenger duty officers: OR=0.169, 95%CI: 0.036-0.794; driving duty officers: OR=0.095, 95%CI: 0.020-0.452; electric bus drivers: OR=0.107, 95%CI: 0.022-0.527) were negatively correlated with healthy eating behaviors, while younger ages (20-25 years: OR=4.568, 95%CI: 1.784-11.694; >25-30 years: OR=3.553, 95%CI: 1.528-8.261) were positively correlated with healthy eating behaviors. Conclusion Problem of improper food intake exists among the subway workers in Wuhan. Gender, age, and job type are the influencing factors of healthy eating behavior.