政策工具视角下2009—2019年国家卫生健康政策核心公文评述

目的 从政策工具视角探讨我国卫生健康政策存在的问题，以期为后续卫生健康政策制定与优化调整提供参考借鉴。方法 采用UCINET工具识别核心政策文本，运用RothwelI和Zegveld政策工具分类方法，对我国卫生健康政策核心文件进行编码分类和统计分析。结果 研究纳入62份核心政策文本，累计编码2 489条。其中环境型政策工具（70.23%）使用占比最高，供给型工具（27.80%）次之，应用最少的是需求型工具（1.97%）。结论 目前国家卫生健康政策制定有待优化:环境型工具使用呈现出强烈偏好，内部结构不均衡；供给型工具使用表现出一般偏好，部分环节薄弱；需求型工具使用偏好性弱，内部存在缺失问题。建议逐渐强化需求型工具功效，优化不同政策工具内部结构，注重政策工具均衡，增加政策拉力与推力，促进我国卫生健康事业高速高质发展。

Review of the 2009 to 2019 national health policy core official documents from the perspective of policy tools

Objective To explore the problems of China’s health policy from the perspective of policy tools, in order to provide reference for the subsequent health policy formulation and optimization adjustment. Methods The UCINET tool was used to identify core policy texts, and the RothwelI and Zegveld policy tool classification methods were applied to code and classify the core health policy documents in China and conduct statistical analysis. Results Sixty-two core policy texts with a cumulative total of 2 489 codes were included in the study. The highest percentage of environment-based policy tools (70.23%) was used, followed by supply-based tools (27.80%), and the least applied was demand-based tools (1.97%). Conclusion The current national health policy formulation needs to be optimized: the use of environment-based tools shows a strong preference and an uneven internal structure; the use of supply-based tools shows a general preference and some links are weak; the use of demand-based tools is weak in preference and there are internal deficiencies. We should gradually strengthen the efficacy of demand-based tools, optimize the internal structure of different policy tools, focus on the balance of policy tools, increase the policy pull and thrust, and promote the high speed and high-quality development of China’s health and health care.