山东省发热伴血小板减少综合征发病危险因素分析

目的 探讨影响山东省发热伴血小板减少综合征（SFTS）发病的危险因素，为科学防制该病提供依据。方法 应用1∶2匹配的病例对照研究方法，调查收集病例、对照的基本情况、可疑暴露因素等信息，采用单因素和多因素的配对条件logistic回归分析发病危险因素。结果 本研究共纳入374例SFTS确诊病例和748例对照。分析结果显示，有病例接触史（OR = 5.84，95%CI:1.11～30.88）、有家养动物（OR = 1.74，95%CI: 1.02～2.96）、近1个月见过蜱（OR = 5.85，95%CI: 2.73～12.53）、近2周有蜱叮咬史（OR = 29.58，95%CI: 6.70～130.60）、从事田间作业（OR = 2.63，95%CI:1.41～4.91）、住宅周围环境有杂草/农作物/菜地（OR = 3.24，95%CI:1.74～6.05）和住宅卫生条件差（OR = 2.20，95%CI:1.32～3.66）是SFTS发病的危险因素（P＜0.05），近1个月有亲邻发病（OR = 0.01，95%CI:0～0.03）、采取防护措施（OR = 0.21，95%CI:0.10～0.46）是SFTS发病的保护因素（P＜0.05）。结论 接触病例、饲养家养动物、蜱叮咬、无防护措施的野外作业及住宅周围环境卫生较差等是影响山东省SFTS发病的危险因素。应加强重点人群SFTS健康教育和行为干预，减少危险因素暴露，以控制SFTS传播。

Analysis on the risk factors of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Shandong Province

Objective To explore the risk factors of fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in Shandong Province, and to provide a basis for the prevention and control of the disease. Methods A 1:2 matched case-control study was used to investigate and collect the basic information of cases and controls and suspicious exposure factors. Univariate and multivariate paired conditional Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors. Results A total of 374 SFTS cases and 748 controls were included in the study. Analysis showed that contacting with SFTS patients (OR=5.84, 95%CI: 1.11-30.88), raising domestic animals (OR=1.74, 95%CI: 1.02-2.96), having seen ticks in the recent month (OR=5.85, 95%CI: 2.73-12.53), ticks bite history in recent two weeks (OR=29.58, 95%CI: 6.70-130.60), engaged in field work (OR=2.63, 95%CI: 1.41-4.91), weeds/crops/vegetable fields in residential environment (OR=3.24, 95%CI: 1.74-6.05), and poor sanitary conditions in residential environment (OR=2.20, 95%CI: 1.32-3.66) were the risk factors of SFTS (P<0.05). Family members or neighbors diagnosed with SFTS (OR=0.01, 95%CI: 0-0.03) and taking protective measures (OR=0.21, 95%CI: 0.10-0.46) in the recent one month were protective factors of SFTS (P<0.05). Conclusion Contacting with SFTS patients, raising domestic animals, tick bites, field work without protective measures, and poor residential environmental sanitation are risk factors for SFTS in Shandong Province. Health education and behavioral interventions should be strengthened in the high-risk population to reduce risk factors exposure and to control SFTS transmission.