慢性病对中国老年人跌倒发生的影响研究

目的 分析我国老年人所患不同种类慢性病对其跌倒发生的影响，为照护者根据疾病特点实施个体化干预提供理论依据。 方法 采用2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据，筛选出无缺失变量的老年人样本10992例分析跌倒发生率，筛选出2928例老年人的性别、年龄、所患慢性病种类、慢性病种类数量和跌倒经历。采用logistic回归分析影响老年人发生跌倒的因素。 结果 老年人跌倒发生率为22.24%。多因素分析结果显示，年龄80~89岁（χ2=9.528，P=0.002）、血脂异常（χ2=4.864，P=0.027）、中风（χ2=5.524，P=0.019）、情感及精神问题（χ2=4.337，P=0.037）、记忆相关疾病（χ2=8.781，P=0.003）、关节炎或风湿病（χ2=7.097，P=0.008）为老年人发生跌倒的影响因素。 结论 我国跌倒发生率较低，照护者应重点关注患血脂异常、中风、情感及精神问题等慢性病的老年人，以减少其跌倒的发生。

Study on the effects of chronic diseases on the occurrence of falls in the elderly in China

To analyze the relationship between falls and different types of chronic diseases in Chinese elderly,and to provide thesis basic for nursing staffs to carry out individualized interventions according to the characteristics of the diseases.Methods Using data from the 2018 China Health and Elderly Follow-up Survey,10 992 elderly people without missing variables were selected for the analysis of fall incidence,and 2 928 elderly people were selected for the collection of gender,age,type,number of chronic diseases and fall experience of the elderly.The influencing factors of falls were analyzed by logistic regression.Results The prevalence of falls among elderly in China was 22.24%.Multivariate analysis showed that age range from 80 to 89（χ2=9.528,P=0.002),dyslipidemia（χ2=4.864,P=0.027),stroke（χ2=5.524,P=0.019),emotional or psychiatric problems（χ2=4.337,P=0.037),memory-related disease（χ2=8.781,P=0.003),arthritis or rheumatism（χ2=7.097,P=0.008) were the influencing factors of falls.Conclusion Chinese elderly has a low incidence of falls.Caregivers should pay more attention to the elderly with chronic diseases such as dyslipidemia,stroke,and emotional and mental problems,to reduce the incidence of falls.