开县特大井喷事件及严重后果成因与反思

目的]对开县特大天然气井喷事件发生及为何造成严重灾害后果的原因进行分析与反思,为我国应急机制建设提供参考。方法]收集开县井喷事故发生、发展及其造成严重灾害和应急处理的相关资料,结合国家相关法规和专业知识,进行描述性分析。结果]分析发现,事件造成如此严重人员伤亡的原因,除国务院认定的7个事故直接原因外,也与事故发生地的地理条件、发生时的气象条件有关,更与我国当时高危险生产作业中一系列机制建设缺失有关。结论]结合开县井喷事件的发生发展原因和处置过程中得失体会,要避免类似开县井喷事故的发生和灾害事件产生严重后果,我国的应急机制建设尚需从脆弱性评估与危害识别、应急人员个人防护、大众安全健康教育、应急处理的总结评价与信息交流等多方面予以加强。

REFLECTION ON CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE GAS BLOWOUT ACCIDENT IN KAI COUNTY OF CHONGQING

Objective] To analyze the causes and consequences of the gas blowout accident in Kai county of Chongqing City; to provide reference for constructing emergency mechanism in our country. Methods] The related data about the occurrence, development, serious consequences and emergency measures of the accident were collected and analyzed according to the relative regulations and professional knowledge. Results] In addition to the seven direct factors which were analyzed by the State Council Investigation Team, the reasons for the serious casualties and property losses of the accident were analyzed to be related to geographical position and climate condition the accident happened, further related to a series of mechanism defects of high-risk production. Conclusions] Emergency mechanism of public health emergency in our country should be strengthened in aspects of vulnerability assessment, hazard identification, emergency plan, and health education on pubhc safety, assessment and summing-up of emergency transaction, information exchanges and so on.