甲型H1N1流感不同流行时期农民知信行变化趋势分析

目的了解流行高峰期和流行后期某市郊区农民甲型H1N1流感和季节性流感知识、态度、行为(KAP)及流感疫苗接种情况的变化趋势。方法采用分阶段按容量比例概率抽样法(PPS),分别于甲型H1N1流感流行高峰期和流行后期对某市郊区农民进行两次电话调查。结果两次电话调查分别完成有效调查表202份和201份,接通电话的有效应答率分别为60.48%和60.73%。流行高峰期与流行后期农民对甲型H1N1流感传播方式的知晓率差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。出现流感样症状时,流行高峰期去县级及县级以上医院就诊的比例高于流行后期(P﹤0.05),但在咳嗽打喷嚏时遮掩口鼻、洗手时用肥皂/洗手液和外出戴口罩等的比例差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。普通流感疫苗的接种率在流行后期高于流行高峰期(P﹤0.05),但不同时期甲型H1N1流感疫苗的接种率及接种意愿等未见统计学差异(P﹥0.05)。结论该市郊区农民对甲型H1N1流感知识掌握不全面,甲型H1N1流感流行高峰期和流行后期农民的知识、态度、行为未见明显改变。

Change trends of inflienza a on knowledge,attitude and practice among farmers in different epidemic periods

OBJECTIVE To understand the change trends of knowledge,attitude,practice(KAP)and the situation of vaccine of influenza A(H1N1)and seasonal influenza among farmers in different epidemic periods. METHODS Probability Proportion to Size(PPS)sampling method was used,and the KAP of influenza A during and after the pandemic was investigated by the telephone survey. RESULTS 202 and 201 participants were surveyed during and after the pandemic,and the respond rates were 60.48% and 60.73%,respectively. No significant difference was found on the awareness rates of influenza A transmission route between these two surveys(P﹥0.05). Although more people would choose go to town hospital when influenza-like illness appeared during the pandemic(P﹤0.05),there were no significant difference of covering their noses when cough and using soap to wash hand and wear mask during and after the pandemic(P﹥0.05). The vaccinated rates of seasonal influenza vaccine after the pandemic was significant increased than during the pandemic(P﹤0.05),but no significant difference was discovered between these two surveys of the vaccinated rates of influenza A and vaccinated aspiration(P﹥0.05). CONCLUSION The residents know about influenza A(H1N1)in a certain degree. Moreover,the lack of substantial change in preventive measures or knowledge about the H1N1 transmission among farmers suggests that community mitigation measures played little role in mitigating the impact of 2009 influenza A(H1N1)pandemic in the rural area.