山东大学生膳食营养状况调查

目的通过膳食调查了解山东部分高校大学生膳食营养状况,为大学生的平衡膳食、合理营养提供科学依据。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法抽取858名1～3年级大学生,采用24h回顾法进行膳食调查,依据中国营养学会2000年修订的《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量》标准(DRIs)进行评价。结果大学生钙、维生素A、核黄素、抗坏血酸等摄入偏低;男生脂肪供能比明显偏低,碳水化合物供能比偏高,三餐热能分配不合理,早餐偏少,晚餐偏多;女生蛋白质供能比稍低,脂肪供能比偏低,碳水化合物供能比偏高。结论学生膳食结构仍有待完善,应加强对大学生的营养教育,指导其建立合理的饮食习惯,并增加钙、维生素A的摄入量,减少零食摄入,多吃蔬菜水果。

Dietary survey of university students in Shandong Province

OBJECTIVE To provide theoretical basis for balanced diet and reasonable nutrition of university students by dietary survey in four universities of Shandong Province.METHODS 858 students of four universities in Shandong from grade 1-3 were chosen as research subjects using random cluster sampling method,dietary survey was conducted with 24-hour recall method,data were calculated according to food composition tables,results were evaluated by Dietary Reference Intakes of China(DRIs)revised by Chinese Nutrition Society in 2000.RESULTS Intakes of calcium,vitamin A,riboflavin,ascorbic acid were lower than DRIs.The proportion of energy supplied by fat was significantly low,but the scale of energy provided by carbohydrates was high for male students.The energy distribution of breakfast,lunch and dinner was unreasonable,energy from breakfast was relatively less,from dinner was too much for male students.As for female students,the proportion of energy from proteins was lower,from fat was significantly lower from carbohydrates was significantly higher compared with normal level.CONCLUSION Dietary patterns of students of university in Shandong still have to be improved,we should strengthen nutrition education in universities,help students establish reasonable dietary habit,and increase the intakes of calcium,vitamin A,and reduce the snack intake,eat more fruits and vegetables.