2018年呼和浩特市饮用水中重金属污染物的健康风险评价

目的 评价呼和浩特市地区饮用水中重金属对健康的潜在危害。方法 对呼和浩特市2018年饮用水中的10种重金属进行检测，并应用美国国家环境保护署推荐的健康风险评价模型，对重金属通过饮水途径所引起的健康风险做出评价。结果 440个样品中，砷合格率93.86 %，铁合格率99.55 %，锰合格率99.09 %，其他金属全部合格。重金属的非致癌总风险为5.8942×10-9，致癌总风险为4.4988×10-5，总的健康风险为4.4994 ×10-5，金属致癌的风险排序为:铬(六价）>镉>砷，非致癌风险最高的金属为:砷>铜>铬（六价）。呼和浩特市农村水的致癌总风险和非致癌总风险均高于城市水（Z=-3.323,P=0.001;Z=-4.811,P<0.0001），出厂水、二次供水和末梢水致癌总风险间存在显著差异（Z=12.82,P=0.002）;丰水期的健康总风险高于枯水期（Z=-3.122,P=0.002）；丰水期的致癌总风险高于枯水期（Z=-3.939,P<0.0001）。结论 呼和浩特市2018年致癌健康风险超过EPA评价标准，有一定风险，非致癌健康风险远低于评价标准。

Health risk assessment of heavy metal pollutants in drinking water in Hohhot, 2018

Objective To evaluate the potential health hazards of heavy metals in drinking water in Hohhot. Methods 10 kinds of heavy metals in the drinking water of Hohhot in 2018 were detected, and the health risk assessment model recommended by the US national environmental protection agency was applied to evaluate and analyze the health risk caused by heavy metals through drinking water.Results Among the 440 samples, cadmium, chromium, mercury, aluminum, copper and zinc were all qualified, and qualified ratio of arsenic was 93.86 %, iron 99.55 % and manganese 99.09%. The total non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals is 5.8942×10-9. The total carcinogenic risk is 4.4988×10-5, and the total health risk is 4.4994×10-5. The carcinogenic risk of metals is ranked as: chromium(hexavalent) > cadmium > arsenic, and the metal with the highest non-carcinogenic risk is: arsenic > copper > chromium(hexavalent). The total carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk of rural water in Hohhot were higher than that of urban water(Z=-3.323, P=0.001; Z=-4.811, P<0.0001). There is a significant difference in the total carcinogenic risk between ex-factory water, secondary water supply and end water(Z=12.82, P=0.002). The total health risk in wet season was higher than that in dry season(Z=-3.122, P=0.002). The total risk of cancer in wet season was higher than that in dry season(Z=-3.939, P<0.0001). Conclusion The carcinogenic health risk of drinking water in Hohhot in 2018 exceeded the EPA evaluation standard and there are some risks in leading cancer, while the non-carcinogenic health risk was far lower than the evaluation standard.