新疆阿勒泰市哈萨克族5~7岁儿童身体成分状况分析

目的 了解阿勒泰市哈萨克族5~7岁儿童的身体成分状况，为这一少数民族群体的健康发育提供数据基础。方法 采用随机整群抽样的方法在阿勒泰市随机抽取1004名5~7岁哈萨克族儿童进行身体成分的测试，并对结果进行分析。结果 阿勒泰市5~7岁哈萨克族儿童超重率为4.18%，肥胖率为2.29%。男女生BMI值在7岁年龄段存在统计学意义（T=2.606，P＜0.05）。男生和女生上下肢肌肉量和躯干及肌肉总量随着年龄的增长而不断增加。5岁年龄段男女生右下肢、躯干部位的肌肉重量存在统计学意义（T=3.878、2.49，P＜0.05）；男女生6岁年龄段右上肢肌重量也存在差异（T=-2.751，P＜0.05）；男女生在7岁年龄段，四肢和躯干肌重量及肌肉总重量均存在统计学意义（T=1.996、5.025、2.272、5.048、2.506、3.671，P＜0.05）。6岁年龄段女生的骨量高于男生（T=-3.944，P＜0.05）。7岁年龄段男女生在去脂体重、蛋白质总量方面存在统计学意义（T=2.782、4.835，P＜0.05）。结论 阿勒泰市5~7岁哈萨克族不同性别儿童身体成分随着年龄的变化而不断变化，应将年龄和性别作为这一群体营养和健康研究的重要因素予以考虑。

Body composition of Kazak children aged 5-7, Altay,Xinjiang

To understand the body composition of Kazakh children aged 5 － 7 years in Altay City，and to provide theoretical support for the healthy development of this group. Methods A random cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 1004 Kazakh children aged 5 － 7 years in Altay City. The body composition was tested and the results were analyzed. Ｒesults The overweight rate of Kazakh children aged 5 － 7 in Altay City was 4. 18% ，and the obesity rate was 2. 29% . The BMI values of male and female students were statistically significant in the 7 － year － old group ( T = 2. 606，P ＜0. 05) . The muscle mass of the upper and lower limbs and the total amount of the trunk and muscles of boys and girls increased with age. There was statistically significant difference in muscle weight of the right lower extremity and the trunk between the 5 years old male and female groups ( T = 3. 878，2. 49，P ＜ 0. 05) . There was difference in the weight of the right upper extremity muscle between the male and female in the 6 － year － old age group ( T = － 2. 751，P ＜ 0. 05) . Limb and trunk muscle weight and total muscle weight between male and female students in the 7 － year － old age were statistically significant( T = 1. 996，5. 025，2. 272，5. 048，2. 506，3. 671，P ＜ 0. 05) . The bone mass of female in the 6 － year － old age group was higher than that of male ( T = － 3. 944，P ＜ 0. 05) . There was statistically significant difference between the 7 － year － old male and female in terms of fat － free body weight and total protein ( T = 2. 782，4. 835，P ＜ 0. 05) . Conclusion The body composition of Kazakh children aged 5 － 7 years in Altay City is constantly changing with age. Age and gender should be considered as important factors in nutrition and health research in this group.