贵州省即食米面制品食源性致病菌污染及病原特征分析

目的 了解贵州省即食米面制品中食源性致病菌污染状况和病原学特征，为细菌性食源性疾病的防治提供参考依据。方法 2014—2019年在贵州省的88个县（市、区）采集即食米面制品1128份，依据食品安全国家标准（GB4789）进行五种食源性致病菌的检测；采用荧光定量PCR法和ELISA法分别检测金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素基因及蛋白，普通PCR法检测蜡样芽胞杆菌毒力基因。结果 1128份即食米面制品有130份样品检出食源性致病菌，检出率为11.52%，分别是蜡样芽胞杆菌7.71%，金黄色葡萄球菌3.10%，沙门氏菌0.27%，单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌0.44%，未检出致泻大肠埃希氏菌。分离的35株金黄色葡萄球菌有65.71%携带肠毒素基因，54.29%呈肠毒素蛋白阳性。87株蜡样芽胞杆菌都至少携带两种以上毒力基因，同时携带hblACD及nheABC的有29.88%。结论 贵州省即食米面制品存在多种食源性致病菌污染，蜡样芽胞杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌污染率较高且携带多种毒力基因，存在较大食源性疾病风险，监管部门应加强对即食米面制品的加工制作管理。

Analysis on the contamination and pathogenic characteristics of food-borne pathogens in ready-to-eat products of rice and wheat,Guizhou

Objective To understand the contamination status and pathogenic characteristics of food-borne pathogens in ready-to-eat products of rice and wheat in Guizhou province. Methods 1 128 samples of ready-to-eat products of rice and wheat were collected from 88 counties(cities or districts) of Guizhou province from 2014 to 2019. Five kinds of food-borne pathogens were detected according to the national food safety standards. The enterotoxin genes and protein of Staphylococcus aureus were detected by qPCR and ELISA. While the virulence genes of Bacillus cereus were detected by using common PCR method.Results Food-borne pathogens were detected in 130 of 1 128 samples, with a detection rate of 11.52%. Including B. cereus 7.71%, S. aureus 3.10%, Salmonella 0.27%, Listeria monocytogenes 0.44%. No diarrheagenic Escherichia coli was detected. Among 35 S. aureus isolates, 65.71% carried enterotoxin gene and 54.29% were positive for enterotoxin protein. 87 B. cereus isolates carried at least two virulence genes, while 29.88% carried hblACD and nheABC at the same time.Conclusion There are many kinds of food-borne pathogens in ready-to-eat products of rice and wheat in Guizhou province. The pollution rates of B. cereus and S. aureus with multiple virulence genes are high. There is a great risk of foodborne illness, supervision department should strengthen the management of the processing and production of ready-to-eat products of rice and wheat.