Physician behavior changes following CME on the prospective payment system in long-term care: a pilot study

INTRODUCTION: Physicians must understand regulatory changes in long-term care (LTC) and adhere to prospective payment system (PPS) guidelines for minimum data set (MDS), resource utilization groups (RUG) and resident assessment instrument (RAI) processes, documentation, and evaluation. We pilot-tested "Prospective Payment System in LTC," a 7.5 hour continuing medical education (CME) program designed to help participants make plans to implement and adhere to PPS guidelines and regulatory requirements. METHODS: Twelve medical directors or attending physicians participated. A "commitment to change" evaluation assessed whether participants' plans were reasonable and were implemented, and what barriers interfered. Participants identified 3-5 changes they intended to make. Three months later, participants estimated actual implementation of intended changes, identified obstacles to success, and rated PPS's impacts on patient care. RESULTS: Respondents "committed" to an average of 3.4 changes ranging from "better monitor transfers from LTC to acute care" to "train nurses re MDS and RUGs." Of 40 commitments, 0%100% progress were reported on 9 (23%) each. Mean implementation rate was 41%. Removing responses reporting 0% implementation, the rate was 53%. Common barriers were "lack of time," and "can't get attending MDs to meetings." MDs' ratings of PPSs' impacts were neutral (2.9 on a scale where 1 = "PPS causes great deterioration in quality of care," 3 = "...no change." and 5 = "...great improvement.") both immediately and 3 months post-course. CONCLUSIONS: Participants made reasonable plans consistent with course objectives and made progress implementing most intentions. LTC physicians who attended the CME course intended to alter their behaviors, but significant obstacles interfered, at least in the short term. Most thought PPS would not change the quality of care provided in their institutions. Future courses should address implementation barriers.