政策工具视角下我国药品集中带量采购政策文本量化分析

目的 基于政策工具理论和利益相关者模型，分析我国中央政府层面药品集中带量采购相关政策文本特点，为政策制定及优化提供参考。方法 于2022年5月31日以“药品集中采购”“药品带量采购”为关键词在我国国务院以及相关部委及其直属机构官方网站检索相关政策文件。从政策工具及利益相关者两个维度进行量化分析。结果 共纳入21份政策文本，政策工具维度共形成205条政策编码。供给型、环境型、需求型分别占24.88%(51/205)、49.76%(102/205)、25.37%(52/205)。医保部门、卫生健康部门、药品监管部门、其他政府部门、药品生产企业、药品流通企业、医疗机构和患者等各利益相关者分别占50.73%(104/205)、11.22%(23/205)、10.24%(21/205)、1.95%(4/205)、9.27%(19/205)、3.41%(7/205)、12.68%(26/205)、0.49%(1/205)。结论 环境型政策工具使用未占主导地位，供给型政策和需求型政策工具使用单一，对患者关注度较低。政府应完善药品集中采购政策工具组合，优化工具内部结构；卫生健康部门和药品监管部门应充分...

Text Quantitative Analysis of Centralized Drug Procurement Policy in China from the Perspective of Policy Tool

ObjectiveTo analyze the characteristics of the relevant policy text of centralized drug procurement at the level of central government based on the policy tool theory and the stakeholder model, and provide reference for policy formulation and optimization. MethodsOn May 31, 2022, relevant policy documents were retrieved from the official websites of relevant Ministries and commissions of the State Council and their directly affiliated agencies with the keywords of "centralized drug procurement" and "drug quantity procurement". Quantitative analysis was carried out from two dimensions of policy tools and stakeholders. ResultsA total of 21 documents were included, and 205 policy codes were formed from the dimension of policy tools. Supply type, environment type and demand type accounted for 24.88% (51/205), 49.76% (102/205) and 25.37% (52/205), respectively. Stakeholders such as medical insurance department, health department, drug regulatory department, other government departments, drug manufacturers, drug distributors, medical institutions and patients accounted for 50.73% (104/205), 11.22% (23/205), 10.24% (21/205), 1.95% (4/205) and 9.27 % (19/205), 3.41% (7/205), 12.68% (26/205), and 0.49% (1/205), respectively.Conclusion The use of environmental type policy tools was not dominant, and the use of supply type policy and demand type policy tools was single, which paid little attention to patients. The government should improve the combination of policy tools for centralized drug procurement and optimize the internal structure of the tools. Health departments and drug supervision departments should play a full role in enhancing patients' sense of gain.