广州市交通警察执勤期间大气污染物区域暴露特征初探

目的]通过监测广州市内外勤交警执勤区域大气污染物浓度,初步研究内外勤交警执勤期间大气污染物的暴露特征和水平,为机动车尾气高暴露人群的生物效应评价技术研究提供现场调查数据。方法]应用电子分析仪监测广州市内外勤交警执勤区域及内勤交警工作的岑村交警大楼的二氧化氮（NO2）、一氧化碳（CO）、可吸入颗粒物（PM10）、二氧化硫（SO2）等污染物的浓度,计算相关空气质量评价指数。结果]外勤交警执勤期间暴露的NO2、CO、PM10、SO2的平均浓度分别为（0.34±0.17）、（1.93±2.97）、（0.10±0.05）、（0.49±1.54）mg/m3,大气质量为Ⅴ级,属重污染,NO2和SO2为主要污染物;内勤交警执勤期间暴露的NO2、CO、PM10、SO2的平均浓度分别为（0.08±0.05）、（0.22±0.26）、（0.05±0.05）、（0.02±0.02）mg/m3,大气污染物浓度低于外勤交警（P〈0.01）,大气质量为Ⅱ级,尚清洁,NO2和PM10为主要污染物。结论]广州市外勤交警执勤期间暴露的主要气态污染物浓度超标,其中以NO2的超标情况最严重,属中重度污染,符合混合型污染的特征;内勤交警大气污染物的暴露浓度低于外勤交警。

Characteristics of Atmospheric Pollutants Exposed to Traffic Police in Guangzhou

Objective] To monitor the concentrations of atmospheric pollutants in duty areas of indoor and outdoor traffic police in Guangzhou,to identify characteristics and levels of exposure,and to provide field data for bio-effect assessments among populations with high exposure to vehicle exhausts.Methods]Concentrations of NO2,CO,PM10 and SO2 in different duty areas were monitored with electronic analyzer and further processed into relevant air quality indices for evaluation and comparison.Results]The average concentrations of NO2,CO,PM10 and SO2 in the duty areas of outdoor traffic police were（0.34± 0.17）,（1.93±2.97）,（0.10±0.05） and（0.49±1.54） mg/m3,respectively;the level of comprehensive air quality index was Level V,indicating heavily polluted,and the major pollutants were NO2 and SO2.The average concentrations of NO2,CO,PM10 and SO2 in the duty areas of indoor traffic police were（0.08±0.05）,（0.22±0.26）,（0.05±0.05） and（0.02±0.02） mg/m3,respectively,which were significantly lower than those exposed to the outdoor traffic police;the level of comprehensive air quality index was Level Ⅱ,indicating clean,and NO2 and PM10 were the major pollutants.Conclusion]The concentrations of main ambient pollutants in the duty areas of outdoor traffic police are higher than corresponding standards,among which NO2 is the highest one and identified as medium-serious pollution,indicating the outdoor duty areas are characterized by mixed air pollution.The indoor traffic police are exposed to significantly lower concentrations of air pollutants than the outdoor traffic police.