环境化学物的生殖毒性研究进展

迄今为止，已有大约5万～6万种化合物进入我们的日常生活，其中许多种化学物的职业性或环境性接触会影响人类的生殖功能，使人类的生育能力特别是精子的质量和数量发生显著改变。本文通过对邻苯二甲酸酯类和双酚A等内分泌干扰物、有机磷和有机氯农药、常用有机溶剂以及常见金属(如铅、镉、汞、锰)的生殖毒性研究的综述，发现它们均在不同程度上造成对实验动物的生殖毒性、妊娠毒性以及对子代的毒性影响，其中部分在人群流行病学研究上得到证实。但是由于人群流行病学研究资料相对较少，且在许多方面尚无肯定的结论，目前环境化学物对人类生殖系统的毒性评价研究仍存在不少亟待解决的问题。建议：①加强现场流行病学调查力度，积累主要环境化学物的生殖毒性的人群资料；②关注环境化学物对非职业接触人群生殖健康状况的影响；③进一步研究、探讨并建立环境化学物生殖毒性评价的模型。

Review of Reproductive Toxicity of Environmental Chemical Pollutants

Till now,there are more than 50,000 kinds of chemicals existing in human being's daily life.The occupational or environmental exposure to many chemicals will impact on human reproductive functions and make significant change of procreate ability,especially of the semen's quality and quantity.Through reviewing the reproductive toxicity of some major environmental chemical pollutants(ECPs),including endocrine disrupters,organic phosphor and chlorine pesticides,organic solvents,and some metals such as lead,cadmium,mercury,manganese,the paper finds that all these ECPs have different extents of toxic effects to experimental auimals on procreation,gestation and even on offspring,some of which have been evidenced by the population epidemiological studies.However,due to the relative lack of population epidemiological data or lack of affirmed conclusions of the data,the studies on toxic assessment of ECPs to human beings are not conclusive and still have a lot of problems that should be solved urgently.Herewith,the paper suggests that should strengthen local epidemiological survey and accumulate more population data on ECPs' reproductive toxicity,pay more attention to ECPs' effects on general population,and explore and setup mode of toxic assessment of ECPs.