广东省1997～2002年新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗接种率及其影响因素分析

目的了解广东省新生儿乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗(HepB)接种率及其影响因素。方法采用分层多阶段随机抽样法,全省分4层,共抽取12个县24个村655名儿童作为对象进行调查。结果HepB全程接种率为85.65%,HepB1及时接种率为48.85%,均与当地的经济水平有关并逐年提高。不同性别、户籍儿童的HepB全程接种率和HepB1及时接种率的差异均无显著的统计学意义。但居住在城市、镇、村以及在市、县、镇医院、家中出生的新生儿,HepB全程接种率和HepB1及时接种率的差异均有非常显著的统计学意义。结论经济状况是影响新生儿HepB接种的重要因素,提高农村产妇住院分娩率,落实分娩医院HepB1及时接种,是提高新生儿HepB接种质量的关键措施。

Analysis on Neonatal Immunization Coverage Rate of Hepatitis B and Influencing Factors Between 1997 and 2002 in Guangdong Province

Objective To Know the neonatal immunization coverage rate of Hepatitis B and its influencing factors.Methods Four stratifications including 12 counties,24 villages and 655 children were drew out and were investigated using the method of multistage stratified and randomized sampling.Results The coverage rate,the whole course vaccination rate,the first dose timely vaccination rate of Hepatitis B and the rate of delivering in hospitals were 87.79% 85.65%,48.85%,66.56%,respectively which were correlated with the economic levels and rose every year.The results showed that significant differences of the coverage rate,the whole course vaccination rate,the first dose timely vaccination rate of Hepatitis B among groups divided by sex or native place were not found.But the statistic differences of these three rates were found among groups divided by the type of living and delivering. Conclusion Economic situation is an important factor which can affect the coverage rate of Hepatitis B vaccine in neonates.The key measures of improving quality of immunization were to rise the rate of pregnant women delivering in hospitals and ensure that neonate can be timely inoculated the first dose in hospitals where they are born.