中国2009—2012年报告的境外麻疹病例流行病学特征分析

目的分析中国2009～2012年报告的境外（包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区以及外籍，下同）麻疹病例的流行病学特征，评估境外麻疹病毒输入中国的风险，为消除麻疹提供参考。方法用描述流行病学方法，对中国2009—2012年通过麻疹监测系统报告的境外麻疹病例个案信息进行统计分析。结果中国2009—2012年报告的境外麻疹229例，69．87％来自亚洲国家，其中缅甸（110例）、中国香港特别行政区（16例）和台湾地区（10例）居前三位。66．81％的病例为〈10岁儿童，1—9岁病例中有含麻疹成分疫苗免疫史的仅占10．58％。报告境外麻疹病例的季节高峰与境内一致，每年5月前后为高峰，2012年报告病例数较往年明显上升。66．83％的病例发病前在发病所在县（区、市）居住〉21d。结论尽管〉60％境外麻疹病例在中国感染病毒，但中国局部地区仍存在输入麻疹病毒的风险。

The Epidemiology Characteristics of Expatriates Measles Cases Reported in China during 2009 - 2012

Objective This study is to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of expatriate measles cases （including Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Region, and Taiwan Sheng） reported in China during 2009 -2012, to assess the risk of imported measles virus, and to provide evidence for measles elimination in China. Methods Expatriate measles cases reported from the measles surveillance system were analyzed. Results A total of 229 measles cases among expatriates were reported in China during 2009 -2012, and 69.87% of them were from Asian countries. There were 110 cases from Myanmar, 16 from Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China, and 10 from Taiwan Sheng. Of these expatriate measles cases, 66. 81% were among children under 10 years old. Only 10.58% of cases between 1 -9 years of age had been vaccinated. The peak season of the expatriate measles cases was in May each year,the same as for local cases. Of the cases, 66. 83% stayed in China over 21 days before onset. Conclusions Although over 60% of the expatriate measles cases resulted from local infection, the risk of measles virus importation still exists in some areas of China.