上海市2001～2004年麻疹爆发疫情流行病学特征分析

目的为分析和预测上海市麻疹发病与流行趋势,判定高危人群,评价加速控制麻疹工作进展。方法根据上海市法定传染病报告系统和麻疹监测系统资料,对2001~2004年麻疹爆发疫情进行描述性流行病学分析。结果上海市2001~2004年共报告麻疹爆发73起,262例。本市人口爆发9起,45例;外来人口爆发62起,217例;混合爆发2起。在本市人口爆发中,<10~14岁和30~39岁分别占46.77%和44.44%。在外来人口爆发中,5~9岁和20~29岁分别占33.64%和23.50%。爆发病例中有免疫史的占12.60%,无免疫史和免疫史不详的分别为42.57%和45.04%。结论控制爆发的重点在学校和外来人口。高质量的麻疹疫苗常规免疫接种是减少麻疹发病,控制麻疹爆发的重要手段之一。

Analysis on the Epidemiological Characteristics of Measles Outbreak in Shanghai from 2001 to 2004

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles outbreak in Shanghai from 2001 to 2004,and to evaluate the status of accelerate measles control.Methods To analyze the data from routine report system for infectious disease and measles surveillance system.Results There were 73 measles outbreaks with 262 outbreak cases from 2001 to 2004.Nine outbreaks occurred in native population with 45 cases,62 outbreaks occurred in migratory population with 217 cases,and 2 outbreaks in both population.In outbreaks of native population,the age distribution was dominated by groups of 10-14 years and 30-39 years with 46.77% and 44.44% of the total respectively.In outbreaks of migratory population,the age distribution was dominated by groups 5-9 years and 20-29 years which accounted for 33.64% and 23.50% respectively.In all outbreak cases,12.60% were immunized,42.57% not immunized and 45.04% without vaccination records.Conclusion The students and the immigrants are key population whom should be paid more attention for the control for measles outbreak.One of the most effective solution for reducing measles and outbreak is to keep a high quality of routine vaccination of measles vaccine.