新疆维吾尔自治区2011年输入脊髓灰质炎野病毒并引起局部传播的调查处置经验和教训

2011年，新疆维吾尔自治区（新疆）发生输入I型脊髓灰质炎（脊灰）野病毒（Type 1 Wild Poliovirus，WPV1）并引起局部传播，共报告实验室确诊脊灰21例，分布在和田地区、喀什地区、巴音郭楞蒙古自治州（巴州）和阿克苏地区。经世界卫生组织全球脊灰实验室网络协查，此次输入的病毒源自巴基斯坦。卫生部和新疆维吾尔自治区人民政府立即启动II级应急响应，建立了与国际组织、部门之间的协作机制，加强急性弛缓性麻痹（Acute Flaccid Paralysis，AFP）病例监测，开展5轮口服脊灰减毒活疫苗应急免疫活动，其接种4300万人次。通过迅速采取正确有效的措施，阻断了输入WPV1的传播。新疆输入WPV1事件的发生，提示中国维持无脊灰存在着薄弱地区和薄弱环节，需要大力加强常规免疫服务和AFP病例监测工作。

Emergency Response to the Outbreak of Imported Wild Poliovirus in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in 2011 ：Experience and Lessons

In 2011, an outbreak of imported type 1 wild poliovirus （WPVI）was detected in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region （Xinjiang） in China. A total of 21 lab-confirmed polio cases were reported,with the distribution in the following 4 prefectures ： Hotan, Kashgar, Bayingol and Akesu.Then the global poliomyelitis laboratory network of World Health Organization confirmed that this outbreak was caused by the wild poliovirus imported from Pakistan. Meanwhile,the China Ministry of Health and Xinjiang immediately launched the level II emergency response, established the cooperation mechanism between the international organizations and multi-departments, strengthened the acute flaccid paralysis （AFP） case surveillance, as well as carried out 5 rounds emergent immunization activities of oral poliomyelitis attenuated live vaccine （0PV） with a total of 43 million doses. China＇s rigorous response succeeded in stopping the outbreak in record-time as a model for the emergency response in the world. The outbreak of imported WPVI in Xinjiang indicates that there is still some weakness in maintaining polio-free status in China. The routine immunization and AFP surveillance should be strengthened in the future.