中国乙型肝炎疫苗预防效果分析

目的了解10多年来中国乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗预防接种效果。方法利用2002年“中国居民营养与健康状况调查”保留的血清,以美国Abbott公司乙肝酶联免疫吸附试验(EILSA)试剂为标准,选择中国乙肝ELISA检测试剂开展乙肝病毒感染标志的血清学检测,并用固相放射免疫(SPRIA)方法校对检测结果。结果①乙肝疫苗接种人群乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性率、乙肝病毒(HBV)感染流行率,经调整后分别为5.28%、54.44%,3~12岁儿童分别为3.63%、26.88%。②未接种乙肝疫苗人群HBsAg阳性率、HBV感染流行率,经调整后分别为9.51%6、4.63%,3~12岁儿童分别为11.19%、47.03%。③接种乙肝疫苗人群城市、农村HBsAg阳性率分别为2.55%7、.10%,未接种乙肝疫苗人群分别为7.24%、10.12%;3~12岁接种乙肝疫苗儿童城市、农村HBsAg阳性率分别为1.96%、6.65%,未接种儿童分别为2.39%、10.84%。结论中国乙肝疫苗预防接种效果好;同时反映了农村乙肝疫苗的预防接种是中国乙肝防制的重中之重。

Analysis on Immunization Effect of Hepatitis B Vaccine in China

Objective To understand and measure the effect of 10-years immunization activities,we decided to conduct seroepidemiological study using the remaining blood sampling of Nationwide Survey of Nutrition and Health in Chinese residents,which was conducted in 2002.Methods HBsAg,anti-HBs,and anti-HBc in blood samples were detected using ELISA reagents and revised by SPRIA and Abbott ELISA reagents.Results(1)Among the vaccinated population,the adjusted prevalence rate of HBsAg is 5.28%,and the rate of HBV infection is 54.44%.For the vaccinated children from 3-12 years old,the rate is 3.63% and 26.88%,respectively.(2)Among the unvaccinatted population,the rate of HBsAg is 9.51% and the rate of HBV infection is 64.63%.For the children of 3-12 years old,the rate is 11.19% and 47.03% respectively.(3)Among the vaccinatted population,the rate of HBsAg is 2.55% in urban area and 7.10% in rural area.For the unvaccinatted population,the rate is 7.24% and 10.12%,respectively.Among the vaccinatted children from 3-12 years old,the rate of HBsAg is 1.96% in urban area and 6.65% in rural area.For the unvaccinated children,the rate is 2.39% and 10.84%,respectively.Conclusion The results showed that the effect of 10years immunization activities is prominent and suggested that it was the most important to improve the coverage of hepatitis B vaccine in the rural children for prevention and control campaign of hepatitis B.