中国2007～2011年甲型和戊型病毒性肝炎以及细菌性痢疾流行病学特征分析

目的比较中国2007～2011年甲型病毒性肝炎（甲肝）、戊型病毒性肝炎（戊肝）及细菌性痢疾（菌痢）的流行病学特征，为预防控制甲肝和戊肝提供参考。方法利用中国疾病预防控制信息管理系统数据，对三种疾病进行描述性流行病学分析。结果中国2007~2011年甲肝、戊肝、菌痢年平均报告发病率分别为3．74/10万、1．72/10万、21．8/10万。甲肝近40％的病例为〈15岁儿童，病例主要为农民和学生，无明显季节性；戊肝75％的病例〉40岁，病例主要为农民和离退休人员，发病2～5月居多；菌痢40％的病例为〈10岁儿童，病例主要为散居儿童和学生，发病7～9月居多。结论甲肝病例的季节性分布不明显，戊肝和菌痢仍存在明显的季节性分布。中国甲肝、菌痢发病呈明显下降趋势，主要与预防接种和卫生条件的改善有关。戊肝发病率呈上升趋势，主要与监测系统的敏感性提高有关。

Epidemiological Characteristic Analysis of Hepatitis A,Hepatitis E,Bacillary Dysentery in China,2007-2011

Objective ： To understand the epidemic situation of hepatitis A, hepatitis E, bacillary dysentery in China 2007-2011 and provide the scientific basis for enteric infectious disease control and prevention in the future. Methods The data of hepatitis A, hepatitis E, bacillary dysentery from China Information System for Diseases Control and Prevention during 2007-2011 was epidemiological analyzed. Results During 2007 to 2011, the results in China of hepatitis A, hepatitis E, bacillary dysentery reported incidence rate were 3.74/100,000, 1.72/100,000, and 21.8/100,000 respectively. About 40% of hepatitis A cases were children under 15 years old. And the reported cases were primarily farmers and students. About 75 % of hepatitis E cases were more than 40 years old. And the reported cases were primarily farmers and retirees. About 40% of dysentery cases were under 10 years old. And the reported cases were scattered children students. Conclusion Hepatitis A has no obvious seasonal distribution, but hepatitis E and dysentery incidence showed seasonal distribution. The incidence of hepatitis A and dysentery showed the trend of decrease due to the improvement of immunization and hygienic condition. The incidence of hepatitis E annual incidence relative increase that has close relation with sensitivity of surveillance system.