2013年深圳市龙华新区外来劳务工职业健康认知水平及其影响因素

目的分析深圳市外来劳务工职业健康认知水平的情况及其影响因素,为提高外来劳务工职业健康认知水平提供实践依据。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法,抽取龙华新区内40家企业中接触职业性危害因素的2 427名外来劳务工为调查对象,采用调查问卷对工人的一般情况、职业健康知识知晓情况、企业职业病危害防护水平等情况进行调查。调查结果利用SPSS 11.5软件进行卡方检验分析。结果外来劳务工职业健康认知总知晓率为44.35%;男性与女性的总知晓率分别为44.65%、44.13%,差异无统计学意义（χ^2=0.83,P〉0.05）;不同文化程度劳务工的知晓率经卡方分析,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=67.04,P〈0.01）;大规模企业的外来劳务工与小规模企业外来劳务工的总知晓率分别为47.59%,38.71%,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=233.56,P〈0.01）;大规模企业与小规模企业采取职业病危害防护措施的执行情况经卡方检验后P值均〈0.01。结论深圳龙华新区外来劳务工的总体职业健康认知水平较低,性别对知晓率无影响,劳务工的文化程度、所在企业规模对劳务工职业健康认知水平影响较大。

Cognitive level of occupational health and its influencing factors among migrant workers in Longhua District of Shenzhen City in 2013

Objective]To analyze the cognitive level of occupational health and its influencing factors among migrant workers in Shenzhen City,provide practical basis for improving the cognitive level of occupational health among migrant workers.Methods] By using the stratified random sampling method,2 427 migrant workers who were exposed to the occupational hazard factors were collected from 40 enterprises in Longhua District. A questionnaire survey was conducted,which the contents included general conditions,the awareness rates of knowledge about occupational health,and the protection level of occupational hazards in enterprises. The results were analyzed with the chi-square test by SPSS 11. 5 Software. Results]The total awareness rate of occupational health among migrant workers was 44. 35%,and the awareness rate in males and females was 44. 65% and 44. 13% respectively,which the difference was not significant（ χ^2= 0. 83,P〉0. 05）. By the chi-square test,there was significant difference in awareness rate between different educational levels（ χ^2= 67. 04,P 〈0. 01）. The total awareness rate of migrant workers in large-scale and smallscale enterprises was 47. 59% and 38. 71% respectively,which the difference was significant（ χ^2= 233. 56,P 〈0. 01）. By the chi-square test,the difference in protection measures against occupational hazards between large-scale and small-scale enterprises was significant（ P 〈0. 01）. Conclusion]The cognitive level of occupational health among migrant workers in Shenzhen City is generally low. The gender has no effect on the awareness rate,but the educational level and enterprise scale show significant impact on the awareness rate of migrant workers.