中小学教职工职业紧张与应激现状研究

目的比较中小学教师与同校后勤管理人员职业紧张强度、紧张反应和应对资源现状。方法应用职业紧张量表(OSI-R)对中小学教师830例、后勤管理人员154例,共984例,进行对比研究。结果①后勤管理人员中高压力人数比例明显高于教师组。②后勤管理人员在职业任务方面高于教师(P<0.01),而紧张反应、应对资源与教师组差异无显著性(P>0.05)。③职业任务子项中,学校后勤管理人员任务过重(RO)低于教师组;在任务不适、任务模糊(RA)、任务冲突(RB)、责任感(R)4个子项得分较高(P<0.05)。④紧张反应显示,后勤管理人员只在业务紧张反应方面高于教师组(P<0.05)。⑤应对资源子项:后勤管理人员在娱乐休闲和理性处事子项得分与教师组差异有显著性(P<0.05)。⑥职业任务与紧张反应呈正相关,二者均与个人应对资源呈负相关(P<0.01)。结论在学校特定环境内后勤管理人员的职业紧张程度高于教师组,是一个不容忽视的问题。

Occupational Tension and Strain Status among Primary and Middle School Teaching Staff

Objective] To compare the occupational tension and strain status between teachers and administrators in primary and middle schools.Methods] Comparative study was conducted with OSI-R on 830 primary and middle school teachers and 154 administrators.Results] The numbers of high pressure among administrators was significantly higher than that among the teachers.The occupational role of administrators was heavier than that of the teachers,while no significant difference was found in the strain and tension between the two groups(P>0.05).The role overload(RO) level among the administrators was lower than that among the teachers.The role maladjustment(RM),role ambiguity(RA),role boundary(RB) and responsibility(R) among the administrators were all higher than that among the teachers(P<0.05).The occupational strain among the administrators was higher than that among the teachers.Significant difference was found in the scores of entertainment and rational solution of interpersonal relations(P<0.05).The occupational role and strain showed positive correlation,and both of them showed negative correlation with personal resources.Conclusion] It should be ignored that the occupational tension and strain among the administrators is higher than that among teachers.