2012年河南省细菌性痢疾流行特征及病原特征分析

目的了解河南省2012年细菌性痢疾（菌痢）流行特征及病原特征。方法收集《疾病监测信息报告管理系统》中的监测数据和监测点病原监测数据,描述流行特征,分析菌型变迁和耐药性变迁。结果河南省2012年菌痢发病率为19.334 3/10万,发病集中在6—10月,高峰在7月份。6岁以下儿童发病数占全年龄组发病数的29.26%,职业主要为农民和散居儿童。病原监测流行菌型为F2a,菌株对氨苄西林、甲氧苄嘧啶、四环素、链霉素、萘啶酸高度耐药,对环丙沙星和诺氟沙星的耐药率分别为40.21%和28.87%,对头孢噻肟和头孢曲松的耐药率已达20%~30%。结论菌痢流行呈现高峰前移、流行期变长的新态势,防控重点为农村留守儿童。流行菌型的变化频繁,耐药情况日趋严重。

Analysis on the epidemic and pathogenic characteristics of bacillary dysentery in Henan Province in 2012

Objective]To discover the epidemic and pathogenic characteristics of bacillary dysentery in Henan Province in 2012.Methods]The monitoring data from the Disease surveillance information report and management system and the pathogenic data from the monitoring points were collected,to describe the epidemic characteristics,and analyze the changes of bacterial type and resistance.Results]The incidence rate of bacillary dysentery was 19. 334 3 /lakh in Henan Province in 2012. Most of the cases were reported during June to October,and peak appeared in July. Patients below 6 years old accounted for 29. 26% of total cases,and most of cases were farmers and scattered children. Pathogenic monitoring showed that the dominant bacterial type was F2a,it was highly resistant to ampicillin,trimethoprim,tetracycline,streptomycin and nalidixic acid,the resistance to ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin was 40. 21% and 28. 87% respectively,and the resistance to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone had reached 20%-30%.Conclusion]The epidemic regularity of bacillary dysentery shows the new trends that peak moved forward and the epidemic period became longer. The prevention and control should pay close attention to the rural left-behind children. The dominant bacterial types have changed frequently,and the drug resistance has become more and more serious.