商务楼宇职员职业紧张与健康结局的关系

目的探讨商务楼职员职业紧张与健康结局的关系,以期为在对楼宇职员健康促进过程中采取针对性措施提供科学依据。方法抽取上海市静安区11个商务楼,对1 033名职员进行问卷调查,问卷内容包括职员一般情况、工作要求和自主性(JDC)量表、一般心理状况(GHQ)量表和流调中心用抑郁(CES-D)量表,对职员的职业紧张,心理和生理健康状况进行调查,资料采用等级相关和非条件logistic回归方法进行统计分析。结果内部一致性分析结果显示,JDC量表、GHQ量表和CES-D量表在该次调查中有较高的信度;调查对象高职业紧张现患率为32.33%,等级相关结果显示职业紧张与GHQ、CES-D的spearman等级相关系数分别为0.18和0.24,统计检验差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。logistic回归分析结果显示,高职业紧张所致职员的心理问题风险和抑郁倾向风险分别是低职业紧张的4.6倍(OR=4.46,95%CI=2.36～8.46)和3.38倍(OR=3.38,95%CI=2.36～4.85);logistic回归分析结果,还显示,职业紧张是高血压和冠心病的危险因素,其中工作积极型所致高血压的风险是低紧张人群的2.51倍(OR=2.51,95%CI=1.02～6.18),工作积极型所致冠心病的风险是低职业紧张人群的11.28倍之多(OR=11.28,95%CI=1.27～100.37)。结论高职业紧张不仅是导致商务楼宇职员高心理问题风险和抑郁倾向风险重要因素,也是导到高血压和冠心病的危险因素,对楼宇职员进行职业健康促进要考虑职业紧张这一隐形的危险因素,应当在个体层面和组织机构层面采取相应措施,降低职业紧张水平,从而达到提高职员身心健康的目的。

Relationship between occupational stress and health outcome of employees in business buildings

[Objective]To explore the relationship between occupational stress and health outcome of employees from business buildings,so as to provide scientific evidence for adopting targeted measures for health promotion of employees in business building.[Methods]A total of 1 033 employees from 11 business buildings were selected for investigation about occupational stress,mental and physical health status with questionnaires which included their general characterization,JCQ,GHQ and CES-D scales.The data were statistically analyzed by rank correlation and unconditional logistic regression.[Results] Internal consistency analysis showed that the JCD,GHQ and CES-D scales had high reliability in the investigation.The prevalence rate of high occupational stress was 32.33%.Rank correlation indicated that spearman rank correlation coefficient of occupational stress with GHQ and CES-D was 0.18 and 0.24 respectively,with significant differences（P0.01）.Logistic regression showed risk of psychological problem with high occupational stress was 4.5 times of that with low occupational stress（OR=4.46,95% CI=2.36-8.46）,and risk of depression with high occupational stress was 3.38 times that with low occupational stress（OR=3.38,95% CI=2.36-4.85）.Logistic regression also indicated that high occupational stress was risk factor to hypertension and coronary heart disease（OR=2.506,95%CI=1.017-6.176）.Hypertension risk of people with aggressive work was 2.5 times of people with low occupational stress（OR=2.506,95%CI=1.017-6.176）,and the risk of coronary heart disease of people with aggressive work was 11 times of people with low occupational stress（OR=11.282,95%CI=1.268-100.370）.[Conclusion]High occupational stress was an important factor not only resulting in high risk of psychological problem and depression tendency,but also leading to hypertension and coronary heart disease among employees in business buildings.The occupational stress should be considered into health promotion program for white-collar workers in business buildings.Measures should be taken on the individual level and on organizational level to reduce occupational stress so as to achieve the goals of improving physical and mental health of employees.