1999—2008年上海市宝山区尘肺病发病特征分析

目的为及时掌握和分析近10年上海市宝山区尘肺病发病的新情况及新问题,总结和分析尘肺病发病和诊断的新特点及流行特征,为加强尘肺病预防控制和制定防治对策提供科学依据。方法采用1999—2008年上海市宝山区疾病预防控制中心收集到的所有有资质的尘肺病诊断机构出具的且尘肺病病人被诊断为尘肺病前工作地在宝山的尘肺病诊断证明书或尘肺病报告卡,剔除复查和晋级诊断病例,用EpiData3.1软件建立数据库并录入数据,通过SPSS12.0软件进行统计分析。结果 1999—2008年宝山区共确诊尘肺病101例,其中男性99例,占98.02%;女性2例,占1.98%。发病年龄范围为31～87岁,平均发病年龄(57.0±14.8)岁。Ⅰ期尘肺85例,占84.2%;Ⅱ期尘肺13例,占12.9%;Ⅲ期尘肺3例,占3.0%。有15.9%的病人没有得到早期预防。尘肺病种类分布相对集中,其中矽肺45例,占44.6%;焊工尘肺36例,占35.6%;铸工尘肺16例,占15.8%;其他尘肺4例,占4%。尘肺病人主要集中在铸造、水泥、金属冶炼、钢结构制造等行业。非公有制企业工人发病较公有制企业工人发病年轻,尘肺病发病与年份和季度无关,发病工龄越短,尘肺病期别越高。区内没有职业病诊断机构,所有职业病均为外区机构诊断。结论宝山区尘肺病发病态势依然严峻,既有传统矽肺、铸工尘肺,也有近年发展较快的焊工尘肺,政府、企业、职业卫生技术服务机构、工人各方应各负其责,重视尘肺的防治工作。

Analysis of Incidence Characteristics of Pneumoconiosis in Baoshan District of Shanghai City from 1999 to 2008

Objective] To provide scientific evidence for timely grasping and analyzing the new situation and new problem of pneumoconiosis incidence, for summarizing and analyzing of the new features and epidemiological characteristics of incidence and diagnosis of pneumoconiosis, and for strengthening pneumoconiosis prevention and developing control strategies.Methods]Diagnosis certificate and report card of pneumoconiosis patients who had worked in Baoshan District before pneumoconiosis diagnosis and had been diagnosed in the hospital which had the qualification of pneumoconiosis diagnosis were collected by Baoshan District CDC during 1999-2008. The review and promoted cases were picked out. EpiData 3.1 was used to establish database, and the data were analyzed statistically by SPSS 12.0. Results]A total of 101 cases of pneumoconiosis were diagnosed in Baoshan District during 1999-2008, among which, 99 （98.02%） were male, 2 （1.98%）were female. The onset age ranged from 31 to 87 years, with the average of （57.0±14.8）years. 85 cases （84.2%） were at stage I, 13 （12.9%） at stage II, and 3 （3.0%） at stage III. 15.9% of patients had not received early prevention. Types distribution of pneumoconiosis was relatively concentrated, 45 cases of silicosis （44.6%）, 36 cases of welder pneumoconiosis （35.6%）, 16 cases of foundry worker＇s pneumoconiosis（15.8%）, 4 cases of other pneumoconiosis （4%）. Most patients engaged in casting, cement, metal smelting, steel manufacturing and other industries. The patients in non-publicly owned enterprises were younger than patients in publicly owned enterprises. The incidence of pneumoconiosis was not related with the year and quarter. The patients with short service length, the stage of pneumoconiosis was high. There was not institution with pneumoconiosis diagnosis qualification in Baoshan District, all pneumoconiosis cases were diagnosed outside the district.Conclusion]The prevalence of pneumoconiosis is still serious in Baoshan District. There are both traditional silicosis, foundry worker＇s pneumoconiosis and the welder pneumoconiosis which are developed rapidly in recent years. Government, enterprises, occupational health services and workers should assume their responsibilities and pay more attention to the control of pneumoconiosis.