Evaluation of the protective effects of a nanogel-based vaccine against rabbit hepatitis E virus |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, San 30 Jangjeon 2‐dong Geumjeong‐gu, Busan 609‐735, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium;2. Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium;3. Department of Paediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium;4. Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium;5. Microbiology, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles-Universitair Laboratorium Brussel (LHUB-ULB), Brussels, Belgium;6. Centre for Environmental Health and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium;7. Institute for Medical Immunology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium;1. Epidemic Intelligence Services (EIS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), United States;2. Division of Viral Diseases, CDC, United States;3. UFR/SVT, University Ouaga 1, Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO, Burkina Faso;4. National Public Health Laboratory, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;5. Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Ghana;6. Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Zimbabwe;7. WHO Country Office, Kigali, Rwanda;8. WHO Regional Office for Africa, WHO/AFRO, Brazzaville, Congo;1. Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA;2. Division of Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA;3. Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, Makerere University School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda;4. Department of Maternal and Child Health, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA;1. Yale School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;2. Yale School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, PO Box 208064, New Haven, CT 06520, USA |
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| Abstract: | Infection with hepatitis E virus (HEV) has raised serious public health concerns worldwide. In this study, a nanogel-based vaccine encapsulating the capsid protein of rabbit HEV was developed and its protective efficacy was compared with a subunit vaccine. A total of 23 rabbits were divided into 5 groups: (1) negative control (n = 4), (2) positive control (n = 4), (3) nanogel control (n = 5), (4) nanogel vaccine (n = 5), and (5) subunit vaccine (n = 5). Rabbits were vaccinated two times, at weeks 0 and 1, with nanogel and subunit vaccines, respectively, and challenged with rabbit HEV at week 4. By week 11, rabbits vaccinated with the nanogel vaccine produced higher antibodies than those vaccinated with the subunit vaccine. Fecal viral shedding and viremia were identified in rabbits of the positive and nanogel control groups at weeks 6–10. However, there was no viral shedding and viremia in rabbits immunized with both the nanogel and subunit vaccines. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were not elevated in any rabbit. However, histopathological examination revealed much less hepatic inflammation in rabbits of the nanogel vaccine group compared to the positive and nanogel control groups. Significant increases in IL-12 and IFN–γlevels were identified from rabbits immunized with the nanogel vaccine. Collectively, these results indicate that the newly developed nanogel vaccine induced sufficient immunity leading to complete protection from HEV infection in rabbits. Application of this vaccine should be considered as a preventive measure against HEV infection in other animal species and humans. |
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| Keywords: | Rabbit HEV Nanogel Subunit Vaccine |
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