父母教养方式与孩子的自信、自尊、自我效能及心理健康水平的相关研究

目的 了解影响青少年心理健康的因素。方法 采用心理健康自评量表（SCL-90）、自信量表（PEI）、自尊调查表（SES）、自我效能问卷（SEI）以及父母教养方式问卷（EMBU）对173名师专二年级大学生进行测查。结果 大学生 在心理健康的多个因子上存在着非常显或显的性别差异；父母在对大学生所采取的教养方式上存在显的男、女性别差异，同时父亲对头生子的过分干涉要较末生子为多；大学生在自信、自尊、自我效能方面存在着出生次序上的显差异。结论 大学生的心理健康水平与其父母教养方式之间存在着不同程度的显正相关关系；大学生的自信、自尊、自我效能与其心理健康水平之间存在着不同程度的相关关系。

Relationship of Upbringing Given by Parents to Self-confidence, Self-esteem,Self-efficacy and Mental Health of Their Children

Objective To study the relationship of upbringing given by parents to self confidence, self esteem, self efficacy, and mental health of their children. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 173 sophomores of Qingyang Teachers' Training School by cluster sampling, using SCL 90,PEI,SES, SEI, and EMBU The data were analyzed by SPSS for Windows. Results The validity rate of response was 85 6% (173/195) There were significant differences in interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, horror, and psychotic factor, and in self confidence, self esteem, and self efficacy between male and female students There was no difference in SCL 90 factors among students of family constellation The educational level of father was significantly positively correlated to FSI (r=0 197 P=0 05) and FS3 (r=0 021 P=0 05), and negatively correlated to FS5 (r=-0 222 P=0 01) The educational level of mother was significantly positively correlated to MS1 (r=0 0192 P=0 05), and negatively correlated to MS3 (r=-0 217 P=0 01) and MS4 (r=-0 189 P=0 05) The differences in factors FS1, FS5, and MS1 were statistically significant between the educational level of father and that of mother (P<0 05, P<0 01, and P<0 05) There was on difference in most factors among the sequences of seniority among brothers and sisters, except for the factor FS3 with a difference between the first born children and last born children at the level of P<0 05 No difference was found between the educational levels of parents and the upbringing patterns they gave their children There were significant differences in self confidence and self esteem between the first born child and the last born child (P<0 01 and P<0 005) The differences in self esteem and self efficacy between the intermediately born child and last born child were significant (both P<0 05) Conclusion The self confidence, self esteem, and self efficacy of college students are significantly negatively correlated with their mental health factors The negative upbringing patterns of parents, especially of fathers are likely to foster unhealthy mentality, such as compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, and hostility Affectionate family atmosphere helps develop self confidence, self esteem, and self efficacy