安徽省铜陵市城乡居民结核病知信行及知晓影响因素分析

目的了解安徽省铜陵市居民有关结核病的知信行情况,为今后结核病健康促进工作策略提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层系统随机抽样方法,对962名12～70岁的居民进行问卷调查。结果安徽省铜陵市居民结核病防治知识总知晓率为78.7%,全部知晓率为31.0%,有关肺结核"诊治免费政策"和"能否治愈"的信息知晓率低至43.8%和66.2%;而"是否传染""传播途径"及可疑症状等信息知晓率高达96.2%、90.9%和93.2%。多因素分析显示,与高中及以上文化组相比,小学及以下文化组(OR=1.894,95%CI:1.068～3.359)和初中及以下文化组更容易得低分(OR=1.867,95%CI:1.134～3.073);城市居民比农村居民更容易得低分(OR=1.897,95%CI:1.097～3.280)。认为肺结核"很严重"和"比较严重"的人分别占32.8%和54.1%。95.8%的人表示咳嗽、咳痰超过2周会去看病,其中50.0%首选到结防机构看病。结论安徽省铜陵市城乡居民结核病知识知晓率较高,防范结核病的意识较强,证明近年来的结核病健康促进实践是有效的,应继续针对薄弱环节深化工作,重视对低教育程度人群开展健康教育,并进一步总结经验,将有效的工作模式向全国推广。

Survey on knowledge,attitude and practice for tuberculosis control and impact factors among residents in Tongling City of Anhui Province

Objective To understand the situation of tuberculosis（TB）knowledge,attitudes and behaviors among residents in Tongling City of Anhui Province,and provide evidence for the local health promotion strategies adjustment in future.Methods A total of 962 residents were participated in a uniform questionnaire survey,which were selected by a method of multi-stage stratified random sampling and aged from 12 to 70.Results The total awareness rate of TB preventive knowledge among the residents was 78.7%,but only 31.0% of them could answer all the questions correctly.Only 66.2% of them knew that TB can be cured and 43.8% knew the free policy of diagnosis and treatment for TB.However,96.2% of them knew TB was a communicable disease,90.9% knew TB can be infected through air,and 93.2% knew the main symptom of TB.Based on the results of multi-factors analysis,compared to residents who graduated from high school and above,the residents who graduated only from primary school and below（OR=1.894,95%CI：1.068-3.359）,and who graduated from only middle school（OR=1.867,95%CI：1.134-3.073）were prone to get low score.Compared to rural residents,city residents were more likely to get low score（OR=1.897,95%CI：1.097-3.280）.32.8% and 54.1% of the subjects regarded TB ＂very serious＂ and ＂serious＂ respectively.95.8% of them answered they would go to the doctor if they got coughing more than two weeks,and 50.0% preferred going to TB dispensary firstly.Conclusion The residents in Tongling City had high awareness and strong preventive sense towards TB,which indicated that health promotion strategies on TB in this city might be effective and was worth further popularization.More efforts should be input to improve the weakness and focus more on the population with low education status.