震后灾区居民心理卫生状况及健康需求评估

目的了解震后灾区居民心理卫生状况与需求,为开展地震及其他突发公共事件心理救援和心理健康教育工作提供依据。方法采取问卷调查与小组访谈相结合形式,对673名四川省绵阳市5个临时安置点的灾区居民进行定量/定性调查。以Epi3.0软件进行数据录入,以SAS7.0完成分析。结果灾区居民心理卫生状况处于“轻、中、重“三类的比例分别是22.79%、37.88%和39.33%。80%以上灾区居民希望“政府部门保证基本的生活需要“、“大众媒体及时报道“和“尽快与亲友取得联系“。40%左右灾区居民希望“收到关于心理方面的宣传材料“、“听到媒体对心理方面的宣传“。在专业心理帮助中,倾向于选择“团体心理辅导“和“个体心理咨询“,处于“轻、中、重“不同程度者的选择倾向明显（P〈0.01）。灾区居民希望获得的心理方面知识和技能主要是常见心理反应及如何缓解的技能;首选以聊天为主的人际传播途径,主要倾向于选择“家人、朋友“和“心理咨询人员“作为传播者;希望获得的宣传材料主要是书、录像带/光盘和小册子/传单。结论在灾后危机心理干预中,除了针对不同心理卫生状况人群提供不同形式专业性心理帮助之外,根据不同类人群的需求有针对性的选择不同内容和形式开展心理健康教育非常必要。

Psychologicai health status survey and needs assessment among Sichuan earthquake disaster area residents

Objective To understand the psychological health status and needs of Sichuan earthquake disaster area residents,and to provide reference to the development of psychological succor and health education during earthquakes and other public emergencies.Methods 673 residents from 5 temporary allocations in Mianyang City,Sichuan Province were involved in the quantitative and qualitative survey.Results The rates that the residents were in light,moderate,and heavy psychological health status were 22.79%,37.88% and 39.33% respectively.80% and more residents showed expectations of the government ensuring basic living demand,timely report from mass media,and recovering contact with family members and relatives.40% of the residents hoped to get communication materials and to hear media reports about psychological health.Among the professional psychological assistances,group tutorship and individual consultation were preferred,and the more serious psychological health status residents were in,the stronger needs they would express(P<0.01).The common psychological responses and skills of how to deal with them were the main information the residents wanted to know.The personal communication such as chatting was their first selection to learn the information,and family members,friends,and psychological professionals were the best communicators.Book,tape/CD,and booklet/leaflet were the residents' most interested communicational materials.Conclusion The development of crisis psychological intervention should focus on not only providing various professional psychological assistances to people in different psychological health status,but also conducting alternative psychological health education activities based on the needs of different people.