河北省石家庄市1796名中小学生视力不良现状及其影响因素分析

目的探讨中小学生视力不良现状及其影响因素，为防治中小学生视力不良提供科学依据。方法采用自编结构式调查问卷和计算机验光视力检测，对石家庄市1796名中小学生进行调查分析。结果中小学生视力不良检出率为46．77％，其中男生为42．63％，女生为51．21％，小学生为33．15％，中学生为56．36％，城市学生为53．76％，农村学生为39．24％。Logistic回归分析表明，每天看电视时间超过1h（OR=1．276），每天学习时间超过8h（OR=1．539），经常躺着看书、看电视（OR=1．311），持续阅读时间超过1h（OR=1．102），家族史（OR=1．364）等因素是视力不良的危险因素。正确的读写姿势（OR=0．774），定期检查视力（OR=0．647），每天睡眠超过8h（OR=0．752），每天体育锻炼超过1h（OR=0．693），学习久了能主动休息（OR=0．875）等因素是学生视力不良的保护因素。结论中小学生视力不良检出率较高，应针对中小学生视力不良的影响因素，采取有针对性的干预措施，有效预防学生视力不良。

Prevalence and influencing factors of poor vision among 1796 primary and secondary students in Shijiazhuang City of Hebei Province

Objective To explore the prevalence and influencing factors of poor vision among primary and secondary students, in order to provide evidence for the prevention and control myopia. Methods A structured questionnaire and computer optometry vision detection were done for 1796 students in Shijiazhuang. Results The poor vision detection rate was 46.77% , and the prevalence of poor vision rate were 42. 63% for boys, 51.21% for girls, 33.15% for elementary students, 56. 36% for middle school students, 53.76% for urban students, and 39. 24% for rural students. Logistic regression analysis indicated that watching TV or computer more than 1 hour a day （ OR = 1. 276） , studying more than 8 hours a day （ OR = 1. 539）, continue reading for more than 1 hour （ OR = 1. 311 ）, as well as reading in bed （ OR = 1. 102） and family history （ OR = 1. 364 ） were the risk factors. For the correct reading and writing poses （ OR = 0. 774 ）, regular eyechecking （ OR = 0. 647 ） , sleeping over eight hours a day （ OR = 0. 752 ） , exercising more than 1 hours a day （ OR = 0. 693） and initiative rest after a long time learning （ OR = 0. 875 ） were the proactive factors. Conclusion The prevalence rate of poor vision among students was still high, effective interventions should be taken for students according to the influencing factors, in order to prevent poor vision effectively.