2008年中国居民基本医疗素养知识行为调查分析

目的了解我国居民基本医疗素养水平，为制定健康教育与健康促进工作策略提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法，抽取全国31个省（直辖市、自治区）及新疆生产建设兵团的79438名15～69岁常住人口，进行基本医疗素养问题知晓率调查。结果调查对象总体具备基本医疗素养比例较低，为7．43％。男性和女性人群均对“孕期检查次数”问题知晓率最低，分别为20．72％和24．19％。45岁以上各年龄组人群均对“药盒上‘OTC’含义”知晓率最低，分别为21．96％、17．02％和15．55％；不同年龄组人群对各项知识知晓率差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。2000～10000元收入人群总体掌握基本医疗素养知识较多。不识字人群对“及时就医”知晓率最高（53．23％）；小学人群对“止痛药正确理解”知晓率最高（62．15％）。职员和农民工均对“药盒上‘OTC’含义”知晓率最低，分别为17．37％和19．82％；其他职业人群均对“孕期检查次数”知晓率最低，分别为25．26％、25．26％、16．87％和23．12％。结论应针对不同人群实行健康干预，以提高我国居民的基本医疗素养水平。

Survey on awareness of basic medical literacy of Chinese residents in 2008

Objective To understand the current situation of basic medical literacy among Chinese residents, and to provide scientific basis for developing health education and promotion strategy. Methods Using multi-stage strati- fied random cluster sampling, 79 438 residents aged 15 -69 years old from 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Mainland China were investigated with ihe questionnaire of bas- ic medical literacy. Results The overall rate of basic medical literacy was 7.43%. The awa~ness rate of ＂number of pregnancy checks＂ was lowest for the male （20. 72% ） and female （24. 19） population. There were statistic significance a- mong different age groups for knowledge rate （P 〈0. 01 ） ; and the rate of ＂OTC meaning on iit＂ was 21.96%, 17.02%, 15.55% for 〉45 age groups. The awareness rate of ＂timely medical treatment＂ was 53.23% for illiterate population; and the rate of ＂correct understanding painkillers＂ was 62. 15% for elementary school culture. The awareness rate of ＂OTC meaning on kit＂ was 17.37%, 19. 82% for staff and migrant workers respectively; and the rate of ＂number of pregnancy checks＂ was 25.26%, 25. 26%, 16. 87%, 23.12% for other occupational groups. Conclusion More effective health intervening measures should be adopted for different population to improve basic medical literacy among Chinese residents.